Matter Flashcards
Describe the particle theory of matter
All matter is composed of particles. Particles have forces between them. Particles have spaces between them. Particles have energy and are in constant movement.
Why does the temperature remain constant during a phase change in matter?
The energy is used to change the forces between the particles.
Define gas pressure in a container
The rate at which the particles collide with the side of the container
Do these flashcards contain anything about the atomic model?
No
Outline radioctive decay
The emission of radioactive particles from unstable nuclei to make the nuclei more stable
Name the three isotopes of hydrogen
- Protium
- Deuterium
- Tritium
State the mass numbers of two chlorine isotopes
- 35
- 37
State the mass numbers of three uranium isotopes
- 235
- 237
- 238
Name three uses of radioactive isotopes
- Cancer treatment
- Carbon dating
- Power generations (nuclear power)
Now other way to ask this, than name 8 properties of alkali metals
- Soft
- Reactive with oxygen
- Floats on water
- Melting-and boiling points decrease down the group
- Reactivity increases down the group
- Most compounds white
- Reacts with oxygen to form oxides
- Reacts with water to form hydroxides
Name 5 properties of alkali-earth metals
- Less reactive
- Reactivity down the group increases
- Reacts with oxygen to form oxides
- Reacts with water to form hydroxides
- White compounds
Name 6 general properties of halogens
- Non-metals
- Reactivity down the group decreases
- Reacts with metals to form salts
- Diatomic
- Colour becomes darker down the group
- State changes from gas to solid down the group
Name two properties and one use of flourine
- Yellow gas
- Poisonous
- Added to toothpaste to reduce tooth decay
Name two properties and one use of chlorine
- Green gas
- Poisonous
- Added to drinking water to kill bacteria
Name two properties and three uses of bromine
- Brown liquid
- Gives of poisonous vapour
- Used in photography
- Medicine
- Disinfectants
Name one properties and two uses of noble gases
- Unreactive
- Used to fill lightbulbs
- Used to full balloons
Name 5 properties of transition metals
- Metals (Duh)
- Not very reactive
- High melting point
- High density
- Coloured compounds
Describe metallic bonding
An arrangement of positibe metal ions with delocalised electrons originating from the outer shells of the metal atoms
Which type of bonding will occur between two atoms from groups IV and V?
Covalent bonding
Name the two types of covalent bonds
- Molecular
- Macromolecular
Name three properties of molecular covalent bonds
- Low melting point
- Soft
- Not conductive
Name two macromolecular carbon allotropies
- Diamond
- Graphite
Name two properties of diamond
- Hard (Rigid 3D structure)
- Does not conduct electricity (No free electrons)
Name two properties of graphite
- Soft (Weak van der Waals forces)
- Conductive (Delocalised electrons in structure)
Name five properties of ionic bonds
- Solid at room temperature
- High melting and boiling points
- Hard
- Cannot conduct electricity in solid form
- Conductive in liquid form
Explain why ionic compounds are only conductive in liquid form
Ions in ionic compounds are only free to carry electricity if the compoud is molten or dissolved
Name four properties of metallic compounds
- High melting points
- Conductive
- Malleable and ductile
- High densities
