Matter

Question 1

what is an atom

Answer 1

the smallest substance of matter that cannot be broken down

Question 2

what should a diagram of solids, liquids and gas look like?

Answer 2

solid - nine particles all touching, NO SPACE.
liquid - random arrangement with some spaces but still filling the whole box
gas - a couple of particles far away from each other

Question 3

arrangement of particles in:
solid
liquid
gas

Answer 3

solid - fixed arrangement, ALL particles are touching
liquid - random arrangement, MOST particles are touching
gas - random/no arrangement - no touching with huge spaces

Question 4

motion of particles in:
solid
liquid
gas

Answer 4

solid - VIBRATING on the spot
liquid - SLIDING over each other
gas - MOVING FREELY with container sides

Question 5

forces of particles in:
solid
liquid
gas

Answer 5

solid - very strong force
liquid - strong force
gas - weak force

Question 6

limitations of simple particle theory

Answer 6

• assumes all particles are round spheres

Question 7

what is the process when changing state for each of these:
1. solid to liquid
2. liquid to gas
3. gas to liquid
4. liquid to solid
5. solid to gas

Answer 7

1. solid to liquid is called melting
2. liquid to gas is called boiling
3. gas to liquid is called condensing
4. liquid to solid is called freezing
5. solid to gas is called sublimation

Question 8

explain the difference between evaporation and boiling

Answer 8

• boiling occurs in a liquid at its boiling point and there is a lot of bubbles
• evaporation occurs in a liquid from its surface only and at lower temperatures

Question 9

as the temperature increases, particles _____ kinetic energy
as the temperature decreases, particles _____ kinetic energy

Answer 9

gains, loses

Question 10

describe and explain what happens to particles during melting

Answer 10

MELTING MEANS SOLID CHANGING TO LIQUID. by increasing temperature, the particles gain kinetic energy and the force of attraction weakens, allowing them to move freely in a random arrangement

Question 11

what is internal energy

Answer 11

total amount of kinetic energy AND potential energy of all particles in a system

Question 12

what is potential energy

Answer 12

the greater the distance between particles, the greater the potential energy (eg gas)

Question 13

heating a substance _____ internal energy

Answer 13

increases

Question 14

what are the two different outcomes of increasing internal energy

Answer 14

1. • kinetic energy store increases and molecules move more
   • temperature increases
   • no change in state
2. • potential energy store increases, meaning there is more distance between the particles
   • temperature stays the SAME
   • change in state