Matter Flashcards
Name a(n) element.
Lead
Name a(n) compound.
Salt
Name a(n) monatomic element.
Helium
Name a(n) diatomic element.
Iodine
Name a(n) pure substance.
Sodium
Name a(n) homogenous mixture.
Frosting
Name a(n) heterogenous mixture.
Salad
Name a(n) example of matter.
Desk
What is the definition of matter?
The stuff of an object
What is a pure substance?
Something that has 1 and only 1 identity. It can’t be separated by physical means.
What is a element?
Made up of only 1 type of atom. Cannot be broken down further.
What is the smallest unit of a element?
Atom
What is a monatomic element?
Elements that exist as a single atom
What are the monatomic elements?
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
What is a diatomic element?
Elements that exist in pairs
What are the diatomic elements?
H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I
What is a polyatomic element?
Elements that form crystals with more than 2 atoms
What is a compound?
2 or more elements chemically combined
What is the smallest unit of a compound?
Molecule
Ratios matter with ____________.
Compounds
What is a mixture?
Components do not lose their identity
Ratios don’t matter with ___________.
Mixtures
What is a heterogenous mixture?
Different throughout
What is a homogeneous mixture?
Same throughout
What are the 5 physical means?
- Evaporation
- Distillation
- Filtration/Sedimentation
- Separating Funnel
- Magnetic Separation
The number of capital letters equals the number of __________ in a compound.
Elements
H2O; the 2 is a ____________: meaning in 1 molecule of H2O there are 2H for every 1O.
Subscript
3H2O; the 3 is the ____________: this means there are 3 H2O molecules.
Coefficient
What are the 2 chemical means that can breakdown a compound?
Energy and React
A element and a compound both cannot be broken down by __________ _________.
Physical means
What are the smallest components of a mixture?
The pieces that go into it.
Can mixtures be broken down by physical means?
Yes
Do ratios matter with elements?
Huh, ratios aren’t a thing with elements
What is a subscript?
The number of atoms in a specific element
What are physical properties?
Characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into something else.
What are the two types of physical properties?
Intensive and Extensive
What are Intensive properties?
A description that doesn’t depend on the amount of the substances
What are the 11 intensive properties?
- Color
- Boiling point
- Melting point
- Density
- Malleability
- Luster
- Conductivity
- Solubility
- Shape
- Texture
- Hardness
For an intensive property, if you change these you will get _________ substance.
Different
What is a Extensive property?
A description that does depend on the amount of the substance.
What are the 5 extensive properties?
- Weight/Mass
- Volume
- Length
- Width
Height
So, physical properties can give a substance __________, but it can also give ____________.
Identity and Function
What is a chemical property?
How a substance behaves in the presence of another substance, or in the presence of energy
What is Density?
It is the measure of how compact a substance is, or it is the ratio of mass to volume
How do you describe Density?
How much stuff is in how much space
The density of water is…
1 gram per mL
An object more dense than H2O will _____ in H2O.
Sink
The unit for density is…
g/mL
cc can stand for…
Density
What is mass?
- the stuff of any object
- unit is gram (g)
What is volume?
- the space an object occupies
- unit is mL or cm3
What is a physical change?
The appearance changes but the substance is the same stuff
Example of a physical change.
Crumpling a tissue
How do you know that it is a physical change?
It is still a tissue
What is a chemical change?
Changing the substance into something entirely different
Example of a chemical change.
Burning a tissue
How do you know that it is a chemical change?
It ends up as ashes
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, and Gas
What is a solid?
Keeps its shape and volume
What is a liquid?
Shape of the container and same volume
What is a gas?
No fixed volume or shape
What kind of density do solids have?
High
What kind of density do liquids have?
Mostly High
What kind of density do gases have?
Low
Can you compress a solid?
No
Can you compress a liquid?
No
Can you compress a gas?
Yes
What is the attraction to other atoms like for a solid?
They are touching and they are locked
What is the attraction to other atoms like for a liquid?
In contact with their neighbors
What is the attraction to other atoms like for a gas?
Independent and far apart
What is the molecular motion of a solid?
Vibrate
What is the molecular motion of a liquid?
Roll over each other
What is the molecular motion of a gas?
Fast and random
Molecules don’t get hotter, they get __________.
Faster
All elements and compounds can be solid, liquid, or gas at the _________ temperature.
Proper
H2O becomes a solid at…
Below O degrees C
H2O becomes a liquid at…
0 to 100 degrees C
H2O becomes a gas at…
100 degrees C
Gas to Solid is called…
Depostition
Solid to Liquid is called…
Melting
Liquid to solid is called…
Freezing
Liquid to Gas is called…
Vaporization
Gas to Liquid is called…
Condensation
Solid to Gas is called…
Sublimation
What does endothermic mean?
Add heat (warming it)
What does exothermic mean?
Removing heat (cooling it)
One identity?
Pure Substances
Can be separated by physical means?
Mixture
Found in nature as single atoms?
Monatomic
Measure of an object’s inertia?
Matter
Mixture that is different throughout?
Heterogenous
Cannot be separated by chemical means?
Elements
Found in nature as more than two atoms?
Polyatomic
Two or more atoms chemically combined?
Compound
More than one identity?
Mixture
Found in nature in pairs?
Diatomic
Made of one type of atoms?
Elements
Made of highly charged particles at high temperatures?
Plasma
Mixture that is the same throughout?
Homogeneous
Definite volume but not definite shape?
Liquid
Fills any container it is placed in?
Gas
Flows?
Liquid, Gas
Definite volume and shape?
Solid
Atoms are far apart and move fast?
Gas
Atoms are close together and do not move much?
Liquid, Solid
Atoms will move faster when heated and slower when cooled?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Good conductor of heat and electricity?
Physical
Shiny?
Physical
Forms green carbonate when in contact with air?
Chemical
Cooper can be pounded into a bowl?
Physical
Barium melts at 725 degrees C
Physical
Neon does not readily react with any other element?
Chemical
The density of mercury is 13.2 g/cm3?
Physical
