Matter

Question 1

Differentiate qualitative and quantitative data

Answer 1

qualitative data - consisting of general observations about the system

quantitative data - comprising numbers obtained by various measurements of the system

Question 2

Steps of scientific method

Answer 2

1. observation - notice something, identifies problem
2. hypothesis - testable prediction
3. experiment - testing the hypothesis
4. analysis - data is analyzed, stats
5. conclusion - interpreting data based on analysis

Question 3

Differentiate law and theory

Answer 3

law - (RULE, WHAT?) a concise verbal or mathematical statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions

theory - (EXPLANATION, WHY?) a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and/or those laws that are based on them

Question 4

If a ____ is disproved by experiment, then it must be ______ so that it becomes consistent with experimental observations.

Answer 4

theory
discarded or modified

Question 5

Define matter and differentiate its states

Answer 5

anything that occupies space, has mass, and exhibits inertia

Solid - definite shape and volume, particles vibrate at fixed position and fixed in a regular array

Liquid - occupies shape and volume, particles slide past each other and randomly arranged

Gas - occupies shape and volume, particles move in random motion and widely separated

Plasma - occupies space and volume, ions and electrons move freely and separated

Question 6

Differentiate classification of matter

Answer 6

Matter: pure substances and mixtures

Pure substances - a form of matter that has a definite (constant) composition and distinct properties

Pure Substances: Elements and Compounds

Elements - simplest substance, cannot be broken down into smaller substance

Mixtures: homogenous and heterogenous

Homogenous: uniform
Heterogenous: not uniform

Question 7

Differentiate physical and chemical property

Answer 7

physical property can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance.

chemical property is the tendency of a matter to undergo chemical change

Question 8

Differentiate extensive and intensive property

Answer 8

Extensive property depends on how much matter is being considered

Intensive property is independent of the amount

Question 9

(T/F) mass and density are examples of extensive property

Answer 9

False. Density is an intensive property

Question 10

SI base unit for electrical current

Answer 10

Ampere (A)

Question 11

(T/F) Kilograms is the SI Base unit of amount of substance

Answer 11

False. mole (mol)

Question 12

SI base unit for luminous intensity

Answer 12

candela (cd)

Question 13

Mnemonics for SI Prefixes

Answer 13

The Great Man King henry’s daughter Beth drinks cold milk µntil nine pm

Question 14

Differentiate mass and weight

Answer 14

Mass is the amount of matter in an object
Weight is the force that gravity exerts on an object

Question 15

SI-derived unit for density and SI unit that re more commonly used for solid and liquid densities

Answer 15

kg/m^3
g/mL

Question 16

Differentiate physical and chemical change

Answer 16

physical change - alters the physical property of substance (shape, size, state of matter, appearance) without altering the chemical composition

chemical change - transformation of one or more substance into entirely new substance with different chemical composition

Question 17

Differentiate accuracy and precision

Answer 17

accuracy -how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity that was measured

precision - how closely two or more measurements of the same quantity agree with one another