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General Chemistry > Constants, Conversion, Common Names, etc. > Flashcards

Constants, Conversion, Common Names, etc. Flashcards

1
Q

Conversion factors of:
kg to pounds
lbs to ounces
ton to pounds

A

1 kg = 2.2 lbs
1 lb = 16 oz
1 ton = 2,000 lbs

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2
Q

Conversion factors of:
gallon to liters
fl oz to mL
quart to liters

A

1 gal = 3.8 L
1 fl oz = 29.6 mL
1 quart = 0.9 L

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3
Q

Conversion factors of:
meter to yards

A

1 m = 1.09 yards

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4
Q

Celsius-Fahrenheit conversion
Celsius- Kelvin conversion

A

°F = [(9/5) °C] + 32

K = °C + 273.15

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5
Q

SI prefixes of metric system

A

Exponent—–Prefix
18—–exa (E)
15—–peta (P)
12—–tera (T)
9—–giga (G)
6—–mega (M)
3—–kilo (k)
2—–hecto (h)
1—–deka (dc)
-1—–deci (d)
-2—–centi (c)
-3—–milli (m)
-6—–micro (μ)
-9—–nano (n)
-12—–pico (p)

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6
Q

Temperatures for:
boiling water
body temperature
room temperature
freezing point of water
absolute zero

A

boiling water: 100 °C
body temperature: 37 °C
room temperature: 20-25 °C
freezing point of water: 0 °C
absolute zero: -273.15 °C

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7
Q

Phase Changes
solid to liquid
liquid to solid
liquid to gas
gas to liquid
gas to solid
solid to gas

A

solid to liquid: melting
liquid to solid: freezing
liquid to gas: evaporation
gas to liquid: condensation
gas to solid: deposition
solid to gas: sublimation

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8
Q

Percentage of Gases (elements) on:
atmosphere
universe
earth’s crust
human body

A

atmosphere: 78% N, 21% O, 1% other gases
universe: 91% H, 9% He, <0.1%
earth’s crust: 47% O, 28% Si, 8% Al, 5% Fe
human body: 65% O, 18% C, 9.5% H, 3.2% N

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9
Q

Gases at normal temperature

A

Noble Gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)
Diatomic Gases (H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2)
Ozone (O3)
Compounds (HF, HCl, HBr, HI, CO, CO2, NH3, NO, NO2, N2O, SO2, H2S)
Simple alkanes (CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10)

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10
Q

Pressure conversion factors
atm to torr
atm to mmHg
atm to Pa
atm to bar

A

1 atm = 760 torr
1 atm = 760 mmHg
1 atm = 101,325 Pa
1 atm = 1.01325 bar

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11
Q

Standard atmospheric pressure vs Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

A

Standard atmospheric pressure:
1 atm = pressure that supports a column of mercury at 760mm at 0°C at sea level

STP:
1 bar (10^5 Pa) and 0°C

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12
Q

Define Gas Laws

A

Boyles: P1V1 = P2V2
Charles: V1/T1 = V2/T2
Avogadros: V1/n1 = V2/n2
Gay-Lussacs: P1/T1 = P2/T2
Combined Gas Laws: (P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2
Ideal Gas Law: PV=nRT

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13
Q

Universal Gas Constants (w/ units)

A

0.0821 L atm / mol K
8.314 L kPa / mol K
8.314 J / mol K

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14
Q

Electric charge (C) and mass (g or amu) of proton, neutron and electron

A

proton
+1.6022 x 10^-19 C
1.6726 x 10 ^-24 g
1.0073 amu

neutron
0 C
1.6749 x 10^-24 g
1.0087 amu

electron
-1.6022 x 10^-19 C
9.1094 x 10^-28 g
0.00054858 amu

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15
Q

Metals with fixed oxidation states

A

Group 1 (+1) and Group 2 (+2)
Ag +
Cd 2+
Zn 2+
Ga 3+
Al 3+

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16
Q

Oxidation states of
Sc
Ti
Cr
Fe
Co
Sn
Pb
Cu
Au

A

Sc +3
Ti +3, +4
Cr +2, +3, +6
Fe +2, +3
Co +2, +3
Sn +2, +4
Pb +2, +4
Cu +1, +2
Au +1, +3

17
Q

Formula (and charge) for polyatomic ions:
cyanide
cyanate
carbonate
bicarbonate
oxalate
acetate
borate
arsenate
silicate
permanganate

A

CN (-)
OCN (-)
CO3 (2-)
HCO3 (-)
C2O4 (2-)
CH3COO (-)
BO3 (3-)
AsO4 (3-)
SiO4 (4-)
MnO4 (-)

18
Q

Formula (and charge) for polyatomic ions:
nitrite
nitrate
hydroxide
peroxide
thiocyanate
sulfite
bisulfite
sulfate
bisulfate
thiosulfate

A

NO2 (-)
NO3 (-)
OH (-)
O2 (-2)
SCN (-)
SO3 (2-)
HSO3 (-)
SO4 (2-)
HSO4 (-)
S2O3 (2-)

19
Q

Formula (and charge) for polyatomic ions:
phosphite
biphosphite
dihydrogen phosphite
phosphate
biphosphate
dihydrogen phosphate
hypochlorite
chlorite
chlorate
perchlorate

A

PO3 (3-)
HPO3 (2-)
H2PO3 (-)
PO4 (3-)
HPO4 (2-)
H2PO4 (-)
ClO (-)
ClO2 (-)
ClO3 (-)
ClO4 (-)

20
Q

Formula (and charge) for polyatomic ions:
hypobromite
bromite
bromate
perbromate
hypoiodite
iodite
iodate
periodate
chromate
dichromate

A

BrO (-)
BrO2 (-)
BrO3 (-)
BrO4 (-)
IO (-)
IO2 (-)
IO3 (-)
IO4 (-)
CrO4 (2-)
Cr2O7 (2-)

21
Q

Formula (and charge) for polyatomic ions:
ammonium
hydronium
mercury (I)/ dimeric mercury

A

NH4+
H3O+
Hg2 (2+)

22
Q

Formula for common names of:
hydrogen peroxide
diborane
methane
silane
ammonia
phosphine
arsine
urea

A

H2O2
B2H6
CH4
SiH4
NH3
PH3
AsH3
CO(NH2)2

23
Q

Formula of common names (oxides and hydroxides)

magnesia
lime
silica
caustic soda
caustic potash
milk of magnesia
slaked lime

A

MgO
CaO
SiO2
NaOH
KOH
Mg(OH)2
Ca(OH)2

24
Q

Formula of common names (carbonates)

baking soda
soda ash
*washing soda
pearl ash
magnesite
calcite
dolomite
siderite

A

NaHCO3
Na2CO3
Na2CO3 * 10 H2O
K2CO3
MgCO3
CaCO3
CaMg(CO3)2
FeCO3

25
Q

Formula of common names (sulfates)

Glauber’s salt
Epsom salt
Plaster of Paris
Gypsum
Oil of vitriol
Blue vitriol
Green vitriol
White vitriol
*Hypo

A

Na2SO4 * 10 H2O
MgSO4 * 7 H2O
CaSO4 * 1/2 H2O
CaSO4 * 2 H2O
H2SO4
CuSO4 * 5 H2O
FeSO4 * 7 H2O
ZnSO4 * 7 H2O
Na2S2O3 * 5 H2O

General Chemistry (4 decks)

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