Matter Flashcards
Kinetic Molecular Theory
-Particles of matter are always in motion
-The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases
Four States of Matter-Solids
-Very low KE-particles vibrate but cannot move around
-Fixed shape
-Fixed volume
Four states of matter-Liquids
-Low KE-particles can move around but are still close together
-Variable shape
-Fixed volume
Four states of matter-Gases
-High KE-particles can separate and move throughout container
-Variable shape
-Variable volume
Four states of matter-Plasma
-Very high KE-particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
-gas-like, variable shape and volume
-stars, fluorescent light bulbs, CRTs
Classification of Matter-Pure Substances
(Element)
-Composed of identical atoms
EX. Copper wire, aluminum foil
Classification of Matter-Pure Substances
(Compound)
-Composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio
-Properties differ from those of individual elements
Ex. Table Salt (NaCl)
Classification of Matter-Pure Substances
(Law of Definite Composition)
-A given compound always contains the same fixed ratio of elements
Classification of Matter-Pure Substances
(Law of Multiple Proportions)
-Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds
Mixtures
-Variable combination of two or more pure substances
Mixtures-Solution
-Homogeneous
-Very small particles
-No Tyndall effect
-Particles don’t settle
Ex. Rubbing alcohol
Mixtures-Colloid
-Heterogeneous
-Medium-sized particles
-Tyndall effect
-Particles don’t settle
Ex. Milk
Mixtures-Suspension
-Heterogenous
-Large particles
-Tyndall effect
-Particles settle
Ex. Fresh-squeezed lemonade
Extensive vs. Intensive
Extensive Property-Depends on the amount of matter present
Intensive Property-Depends on the identity of substance, not the amount
Physical vs. Chemical
Physical Property-Can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Chemical Property-Describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity
