MATTER Flashcards
anything that occupies space and has mass
Matter
refers to qualities or distinguishing characteristics of a substance used in its identification and description
Properties in chemistry
are those that can be observed without changing the composition of matter
Physical properties
are the tendencies of a substance to change, either alone or by interacting with other substances, forming another substance
Chemical properties
characteristics of matter which are inherent or part of the nature of the substance itself no matter what size or shape it may be
Intrinsic/Intensive properties
physical properties that depend on the quality or kind of material
Intrinsic/Intensive properties
properties of matter which are not inherent or properties which are not permanent qualities of the substance itself, these properties depend on quantity or amount of material present on the matter
Extrinsic/Extensive properties
space that matter occupies
Volume
total number of molecules found in the body
Mass
total pull of gravity upon a given mass
Weight
demonstrates that no two materials can occupy the same space at the same time
Impenetrability
tendency for a body in motion to keep on moving unless an outside force is applied to change its condition
Inertia
every bit of matter has a certain degree of attraction or repulsion upon bits of matter
Gravitation
property of matter to return to its original position when the force applied to it is removed
Elasticity
gives the material its weight per unit volume
Density
property of being hard but easily breaks
Brittleness
possessed by materials that can be pounded into sheets
Malleability
enables materials to be formed into wires
Ductility
causes materials to absorb liquids
Porosity
enables materials to be shaped into various forms
Plasticity
materials can be bent without breaking
Pliant
result in the disappearance of substances and formation of new ones
Chemical changes
changes that do not result in the formation of new substances
Physical changes
are homogenous, perfectly uniform in composition and cannot be separated into simpler components by physical method
Pure substance
made up of only one type of atom
Elements
made up of two or more different elements but are pure substances because they consist of only one kind of molecules
Compounds
materials which are not uniform in composition and contain two or more different substances
Mixture
refers to materials in which differing parts cannot be distinguished even with a microscope
Homogenous
refers to material in which there are visible parts
Heterogenous
condition of matter where molecules are compact
Solid
kinds of solid
Isomorphous
Polymorphous/Allotropic
Amorphous
condition where the molecules are loose and less compact
Liquid
kinds of liquid
Viscous liquid
Fluids
Volatile
Non-volatile
descriptive forces completely dominate cohesive forces in gaseous or vapour state, the particles are relatively far apart except when they collide
Gaseous state
formulated by Antoine Lavoisier 1789 - states that the matter is neither created nor destroyed
Law of Conservation of Matter
states that in any chemical reaction, the mass of the system remains constant
Law of Conservation of Mass
states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another
Law of Conservation of Energy
Joseph Proust 1799 - states that pure compound is always composed of the same elements combined in a definite proportion by weight
Law of Definite Composition or Law of Constant/Definite Proportion
John Dalton 1805 - states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the different weights of one that combines with a fixed weight of the other are in the ratio of small whole numbers
Law of Multiple Proportions
