Matter Flashcards
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Matter
The sequence of matter
Matter-Atoms-Atomic Nucleus- (Proton + Neutrons) - Nucleons
Matter-Atoms-Electron Shell-Electrons
Collective term for protons and neutrons are the particles found in the nucleus of atoms.
Nucleons
Classification of Matter
Element
Compound
Mixture
What is an element?
➢simplest form
➢ one (1) kind of material
➢PURE chemical substance
What is a compound?
➢ 2 or more elements are chemically combined in definite proportion
What is a mixture?
➢2 or more substances that are not chemically combined
➢individual identities are retained
Classification of Mixture
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
1 phase solution
Heterogeneous
2 phases: suspension and colloids
Properties of Matter
Extrinsic/ Extensive Property
Intrinsic / Intensive Property
Extrinsic/ Extensive Property definition and examples
Dependent
Length, mass/weight, volume, entropy, enthalpy, electrical resistance
Intrinsic / Intensive Property definition and examples
Independent
Density, specific gravity, viscosity, temperature, pressure, color, odor, velocity, refractive index
What is the shape, volume, and molecular motion of solid?
Shape: Definite
Volume: Definite
Motion of Solid: Vibration but cannot move
What is the shape, volume, and molecular motions of liquid?
Shape: Indefinite
Volume: Definite
Molecular Motion: Gliding
What is the shape, volume, and molecular motion of gas?
Shape: Indefinite
Volume: Indefinite
Molecular Motion: Random and constant (Vibrate freely at high speed)
What is the shape, volume, and molecular motion of plasma?
Shape: Indefinite
Volume: Indefinite
Molecular Motion: Random and constant (Vibrate freely at high speed)
It is the most abundant state of matter and electrically conductive.
Plasma
Give examples of plasma
Sun, Stars, Aurora, Neon lights, Lightning
What are the changes of matter?
Physical
Chemical
Nuclear
Solid-Liquid
Melting
Liquid-Solid
Freezing
Liquid-Gas
Evaporation
Gas-Liquid
Condensation
Gas-Plasma
Ionization
Plasma-Gas
Deionization
Solid-Gas
Sublimation
Solid-Gas
Sublimation
Gas-Solid
Deposition
What is the evidence of chemical change?
Formation of a precipitate
Evolution of gas
What are the types of chemical reaction?
Direct Union/Synthesis
Decomposition
Single Displacement
Double Displacement
Generic equation of synthesis
A + B →AB
Generic equation of decomposition
AB →A + B
Generic equation of single displacement
A + BC →AC + B
Generic equation of double displacement
AB + CD →AC + BD
What are the nuclear changes of matter?
Fission and Fusion
Fission means ____
Splits
Fusion means _____
Union
P or C
1. Shredding of paper
2. Bending a metal
3. Formation of a precipitate
4. Mixing candles
5. Burning of wood
P
P
C
P
C
Composed of nucleus, and surrounded by electrons
Atoms
Nucleus
➢Neutron- uncharged
➢Proton- (+) charge
Electron Shell
➢Electrons- (-) charge
How to get the mass number?
Protons + Neutrons
How to get the atomic number?
Number of protons
How to get the electrons?
Atomic number and its charge
How to get the neutrons?
Mass number - # of protons
Who proposed the planetary model?
Neil Bohr
Quantitative description of electronic structure and electrons orbit in a positively charged nucleus
Planetary Model
Who is the founder of QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL?
Erwin Schrodinger
Electrons move in a 3D space called ELECTRON CLOUD which represents the probable location of electron
Quantum Mechanical Model
Schrodinger “Quantum model” asserts that electromagnetic radiation like x-rays, gamma rays, radio waves and light rays are made up of small bits of energy.
What quantum number gives the orbital angular momentum and describes the shape of the orbital?
a. Principal quantum number
b. Azimuthal quantum number
c. Magnetic quantum number
d. Spin quantum number
B.
Four types of Quantum Numbers
Principal (n)
Angular/ Azimuthal (l)
Magnetic (ml)
Spin (ms)
According to this electron principle, no two electrons
will have the same set of quantum number
A. Aufbau principle
B. Pauli’s Exclusion Theory
C. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Theory
D. Hund’s rule
B
Built by filling of energy from lower to higher level.
AUFBAU PRINCIPLE
No two electrons will have the same set of quantum numbers.
PAULI EXCLUSION
Orbitals are filled up singly before pairing up.
HUND’S RULE
Ability to attract electrons
Electronegativity (EN)
What is the most electronegative? S,P,D,F?
F
Energy required to remove electron in a neutral atom to make it positive (+)
Ionization Energy
energy released when a neutral atom gain extra electron to make it negative (-)
Electron Affinity (EA)
Left to Right. Increasing or Decreasing?
Increasing
Bottom to Top. Increasing or decreasing?
Increasing
Half of the distance between two nuclei
Atomic Radius (AR)
Francium: most metallic
Metallic Character
