MATTER Flashcards
ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES PLACE IS A ?
MATTER, IT MATTERS!!
THREE STATES OF MATTER
SOLID, LIQUID, GAS
3 PROPERTIES OF MATTER PARTICLES THAT ALLOWS US TO DISTINGUISH THE STATE OF MATTER
- DISTANCE
- FORCE OF ATTRACTION, WHERE F=k 1/d^2
- KINETIC ENERGY
2 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTY
2 SUB PROPERTIES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTY
INTENSIVE PROPERTY- AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE CHANGE DOES NOT AFFEC THIS KIND OF PROPERTIES (COLOR, LUSTER, HARDNESS, ETC)
EXTENSIVE PROPERTY- PROPERTY THAT DEPENDS ON THE AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE (VOLUME, MASS WEIGHT, LENGTH, ETC )
PROPERTY OF A SUBSTANCE CAPABLE OF BEING REDUCED IN VOLUME BY APPLICATION OF PRESSURE WHICH IS QUANTITATIVELY THE RECIPROCAL OF BULK MODULUS
compressibility
4th state of matter, an ionized gas where atoms or molecules which have one or more orbital electrons stripped, and free electrons. allowing ion and electrons to coexist. 99.99% of the universe is in this state of matter
PLASMA
elements that are stable as single atoms.
monoatomic molecules
name the monoatomic gasses
HE NEEDS A KRAZY XEROX REPAIRMAN!
helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn), and oganesson (Og).
molecules composed of only two atoms.
diatomic molecules
7 diatomic gasses
HAVE NO FEAR OF ICE COLD BEER
hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I)
the IDEAL GAS LAW
PV=nRT
P= PRESSURE
V=VOLUME
n=number of moles= [(m)/(MW)] mass over molecular weight.
R=IDEAD GAS CONSTANT
R = 0.0821 (L)(atm)/(mol)(K) - NOT IN CALCULATOR ( USE IF PRESSURE IS IN ATM, & V IN LITERS)
R = 8.314 (J)(mol)/(K) - IN CALCULATOR (CONST)(27)
(USE IF THE P & V IS IN SI UNITS which is (N/m^2)(m^3)= J )
R= 8.314X10^7 (erg)/(mol)(K) - ( use if P&V is in CGS system where P is in dynes/cm^2 and V is in cm^3)
T=ABSOLUTE TEMP.
if the number of moles & the tempreature is constant
in the ideal has law, ________ is then derived.
BOYLES LAW,
PV=k THEN,
P1V1=P2V2
IN THE IDEAL GAS LAW, AT CONSTANT PRESSURE. ______ IS DERIVED
CHARLES LAW
V/T =k THEN, V1/T1=V2/T2
IN THE IDEAL GAS LAW, AT CONTANT VOLUME ______ IS DERIVED.
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
Pk=kT = P/T=k, THEN P1/T1=P2/T2
COMBINATION OF CHARLES’, BOYLE’S & GAY LUSSAC’S LAWS.
COMBINES GAS LAW
PV/T=k P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
AT CONSTANT PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE, WITH VARYING NUMBER OF MOLES. _____ IS DERIVED.
PV=nRT
Vk=nK
V/n=k THEN, V1/n1=V2/n2
AVOGADROS LAW!!!
in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases
dalton’s law
Ptotal= P1+P2+P3………
STP CONDITION
STANDARD TEMP & PRESSURE!!!!
T= 273K
P= 1atm
1 mol = 22.4L (AS LONG IS WE HAVE 1 mol OF ANY GAS V IS 22.4L)
R in (PV=nRT) = 0.0821 (L)(atm)/(mol)(K) - NOT IN CALCULATOR ( USE IF PRESSURE IS IN ATM, & V IN LITERS)
PROCESS WHERE PARTICLES MOVE FROM HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO LOWER CONCENTRATION
DIFFUSION
PROPERTIES THAT AFFECTS THE RATE OF DIFFUSION
TEMPERATURE
VISCOSITY
SIZE OF PARTICLE
Is a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture.
homogenous mixture
formula for rate of diffusion
amount of gas passing through an area / unit of time
refers to the movement of gas through a small opening.
EFFUSION
*DIFFERENT GAS HAS DIFFERENT RATE OF EFFUSION
THE RATE OF EFFUSION OF GAS IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE SQUARE ROOT OF THE MASS OF ITS PARTICLES
[RATE OF EFFUSION]= k/sqrt(mass/molar mass)
GRAHAM’S LAW OF EFFUSION
formula:
RATE OF EFFUSION OF A / RATE OF EFFUSION OF B = SqrtMb)/Sqrt(Ma) =
a homogenous mixture of two or more substances, this may exist in any phase.
a solution!!
2 kinds of MIXTURE
HOMOGENOUS MISTURE & HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE
Is a mixture in which the parts of the mixture can still be distiguish and separted from each other
HETEROGENOUGH MIXTURE
characteristics of a solution (4)
- ONE PHASE
- NO VISIBLE TO THE NAKED EYE
- DOES NOT SCATTER A LIGHT BEAM
- CANNOT BE SEPARATED THROUGH SIMPLE MECHANICAL FILTERS
SOLVING CONCENTRATION GIVE THE FORMULA FOR THE FF. % OF MASS= % OF VOLUME= MOLE FRACTION= MOLARITY= MOLALITY=
% OF MASS= (mass solute)/(mass solution) X 100
% OF VOLUME= (volume solute)/(volume solution) x100
MOLE FRACTION= Xsolvent = moles of solvent/ total mol of sol. ||| Xsolute= mole of solute/total mol of solution.
Where Xsolvent + Xsolute = 1
MOLARITY= (no. of moles of solute) (mol) / volume of solution (L) [cars in a box]
MOLALITY= no. of moles of solute (mol) / mass of solvent (Kg)
EXPLAIN HOW RED AND BLUE LITMUS PAPER REACT WITH ACIDS AND BASES.
RED + ACID = RED
RED + BASE = BLUE
BLUE + BASE = BLUE
BLUE + ACID = RED
is a chemical reaction in which acid and a base react quantitatively with each other.
neutralization reacction
_____ is a proton donor, while ______ are proton acceptors.
ACID, BASE.
SUBSTANCE THAT HAVE MORE H+ IS ACIDIC
is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
PH LEVEL, POTENTIAL HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION.
ACIDS IN A PH SCALE IS FROM _ TO _, WHILE BASES RANGES FROM _ TO _.
1,6. acid
7- neutral (PURE WATER)
8-14 base
1 joule = ___ ergs
1 atm= ________ dynes/cubic cm
1 joule = 1X1^7 ergs
1atm = 1.013X10^6 dynes/cubic cm
names the ATOMIC MASS OF the first 3 rows in the Periodic Table (H/He/Li/Be/B/C/N/O/F/Ne/Na/Mg/Al/Si/P/S/Cl/Ar)
1 H Hydrogen 1.007 2 He Helium 4.002 3 Li Lithium 6.941 4 Be Beryllium 9.012 5 B Boron 10.81 6 C Carbon 12.011 7 N Nitrogen 14.006 8 O Oxygen 15.999 9 F Fluorine 18.998 10 Ne Neon 20.179 11 Na Sodium 22.989 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 13 Al Aluminum 26.981 14 Si Silicon 28.085 15 P Phosphorus 30.973 16 S Sulfur 32.06 17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 18 Ar Argon 39.948
differentiate atomi mass and atomic weight
ATOMIC MASS IS THE MASS OF AN ISOTOPE OF AN ELEMENT (C-12 HAS A AN ATOMIC MASS OF 12AMU)
WHILE
ATOMIC WEIGHT IS THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF AN ELEMENT IN TERMS OF ITS ABUNDANCE AND ISOTOPES.
(ATOMIC WEIGHT OF CARBON IS 12.011g/mol = (98.9%)(C-12)+(1.1%)(C13))
RELATION OF amu & g/mol:
amu__g/mol
equal! (=)
what is the chemical formula for chlorine
Cl2= becuase IT IS DIATOMIC!!!!!
room temperature
20C / 68F
what is the formula for kinetic ENERGY and potential ENERGY.
KE=1/2mV^2
PE=mgh
ability of an atom to attract the electrons of another atom.
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
-PROPERTY OF AN ATOM IN A MOLECULE
INCREASES FROM LEFT TO RIGHT, BOTOOM TO TOP.
AMOUNT OF ENERGY RELEASED WHEN AN ATOM GAINS AN ELECTRON.
ELECTROAFFINITY (J)/(MOL)
-PROPERTY OF AN INDIVIDUALLY ISOLATED ATOM
is a molecule or ion that can react both as an acid and as a base
AMPHOTERISM
states that when a nonvolatile solute is added to water or another solvent, the vapor pressure of the solvent is depressed?
Raoult’s law
They all form acids when combined with hydrogen.
They are all fairly toxic.
They readily combine with metals to form salts.
They have seven valence electrons in their outer shell.
They are highly reactive and electronegative.
they are called ______ in the periodic table
HALOGENS
-HIGHLY ELECTRONEGATIVE.
The most abundant rare gas in the atmosphere is _____.
ARGON.
What states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid?
Henry`s Law
What states that if a stress is imposed on a reaction equilibrium, the reaction will shift either right or left in the way or direction that accommodates or relieves the stress?
Le Chatelier`s Principle
Different arrangements of the same atoms ARE CALLED?
ISOMER
What refers to the mass relationships between two reactants, two products, or more commonly, a reactant and a product?
Stoichiometry
when using the Gas laws, the unit for temperature can be expressed as F? C? or K? or any?
ONLY KELVIN!! as the units for the other constants are expressed as kelvin.
what is the unit for DENSITY?
MASS OVER VOLUME!!!!!
ATM AT SEA LEVEL?
1 ATM OR 760mmHG (millimeter of mercury)
what ARETHE FIRST 18 ELEMENTS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE?
1st 10= HHe Lived Because of BaCoN Oats From New england. (H/He/Li/Be/B/C/N/O/F/Ne) atomic mass is (1-4-7-9-10.8.-12-14-16-19-20.2)
other 8 elements = no Naughty Moaning Allowed, the Singers, Pianists, & the Saxophonisters Could Arrive.
(Na/Mg/Al/Si/P/S/Cl/Ar) (23-24.3-27-28.1-31-32-35.4-40)
