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Nur 211 > Matson > Flashcards

Matson Flashcards

1
Q

Primary role of immune system

A

Discriminate self vs non self

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2
Q

Allergies

A

Overrecation of immune system to a normally harmless substance

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3
Q

Sensitization Stage (3)

A

Antigen (allergen) enters the body
Plasma cells produce IgE
I’ve attaches to mast cell (found throughout tssiue )

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4
Q

Subsequent Response

A

Antigen enters the body, attaches IgE
Attachment to IgE triggers the release of chemical mediators

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5
Q

Chemical Mediators (define)

A

Responsible FOR S/S
Of allergies

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6
Q

Chemical mediators : intravascular compartment

A

Rt to blood vessel Anaphylaxis

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7
Q

Chemical mediators :Skin (HRF)

A

Erythema
- Utacaria (hives)= pink raised edematous itchy areas
- Atopic dermatitis = interstitial edema
- Wheat-flare reaction (large welts) = pale wheal edemtous fluid surrounded by a red flare from hypermia ( mosquito bite)
- Angioedema (swelling of lips, eyes)

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8
Q

Chemical mediators :Respiratory

A

Rhintins = hay fever nasal discharge, sneezing, tearing AIREAY OBSTRCUSTION
Asthma - thick sputum

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9
Q

Chemical mediators : GI

A

N/V/D
CRAMPING

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10
Q

Most common chemi Al mediators

A

Histamine
Seriontin
Leukotrienes
Prostgoadins

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11
Q

Modes of entry

A

Inhalation
Ingestion
Injection
Skin contact

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12
Q

Drug Therapy for allergies

A

Anhistamaines( Benadryl, Claritin, Zyrtec)

Antipruritic drugs (calamine lotion)

Corticosteroids (to decrease inflammation)

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13
Q

Antihistamines (benadryl, claritin, zyrtec)
( mechnaism , side effects, nursing actions)

A
  1. benadryl = blocks histamine release , relieve acute allergic symptoms

S/E= cross BBB causes sedation + nervousness, restlessness. Anticholngeric reaction( can’t see, can’t shit, can’t spit)

Nursing Actions: warn pt that operating machinery, report applications, change in HR, change in bowel. NO ETOH

  1. Zyrtec+ Clartin= same above

S/E= limited brain receptors causing minimal sedation and effects

Nursing Actions= teach pt about cost and less side effects

  1. Steroid = inhibits response of rhinits, decreasing muscousl inflammation

S/E= mild irritation, mucousal nose drying, nosebleeds, fungal infections

Nursing Actions= adherence important. Teach pt to use regular basis not PRN. Have pt clear nsal passages before use. Stop if nasal infection

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14
Q

Calamine

A

Provide relief from itching, skin protected

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15
Q

Growth and Developmental Consderations

A
  • Infants: usually a skin reaction, often food related
  • Child: allergic rhinitis is most common
  • Adolescents: new environments, trying new foods = new allergies
  • Middle adulthood: less likely to develop new allergies, but possible
  • Elderly: may not know they are allergic to newer antibiotics b/c they haven’t taken them
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16
Q

Assess for allergies, but also ask

A

what the reaction is like? Is it just a rash? Is it anaphylaxis?

17
Q

Anaphylaxis: ​

A

acute clinical syndrome resulting from interaction of an allergen in a hypersensitive patient
- Excess release of chemical mediators, systemic reaction-​ life threatening, medical emergency
Cause: injections, inhalation, ingestion, topical

18
Q

Causes of anaphylaxis

A

Animal Sera (DTAP, RABIES, SNAKE VENOM, TETANUS)

Drugs (ASPRIN, CEHALOSPROINS, CHEMO, INSULIN, LOCAL ANETSHIC, NSAIDS, PENICILLINS, SULDANOMIDES, TETRACYLINE)

Good (EGGS, MILL NUTS, PEANUST, SHELLFISH, FISH, CHOCOLATE)

Insect (WASPS, HORNET, YELLOW JACKETS, BUMBLEEBEES, ANTS)

Treatment ( ALLERGY EXTRACT, BLOOD PRODUCTS, IODINE CONTRAST)

19
Q

S/S of Anaphylaxis Neuro

A
  • Headache, dizziness
  • Paresthesia
  • Feeling of impending doom
20
Q

S/S of Anaphylaxis Skin

A

Skin:
- Pruritus (itchy)
- Angioedema (swelling of lips and eyes etc)
- Erythema
- Urticaria (hives)

21
Q

S/S anaphylaxis Respiratory

A

bronchial restriction
- Hoarseness, coughing
- Sensation of narrowing airway
- Wheezing, stridor, dyspnea
- Tachypnea
- Respiratory arrest

22
Q

S/S of anaphylaxis : Cardiovascular

A
  • Hypotension
  • Dysrhythmias, tachycardia
  • Cardiac arrest
23
Q

S/S Anaphylxis GI

A
  • N/V/D
    CRAMPING, ABD PAIN
24
Q

Nursing Interventions: Anaphylaxis

A

Treat for Shock!!!
Ensure airway
Remove stinger
Establish IV
- Epinephrine: FIRST INTERVENTION must be IM OR IV BE AWARE FOR BET BLOCKER PTS BC THEY MAY BE REISTANT ( hypotension n bradycardia) give glucagon
- Causes vasoconstriction = increased BP
- Relaxes bronchial smooth muscles = less bronchial constriction
- Given IM, usually outer thigh, but can also be given IV/SQ
- MUST go to ED for observation
- HRF biphasic reaction for 4 hours
- 0.01mg/kg-0/3mg/kg for children
- 0.3-0.5mg/dose for adults
- Q5-15min PRN
GIVE O2
Albuterol for bronchospasm
Diphenhydramine
Corticosteroid

25
Q

Anaphhylaxis : Antihistamines

A
  • Block the effect of histamine (a chemical mediator)
  • Ineffective w/ acute bronchoconstriction
26
Q

Anaphylaxis: Cortcosteriod

A

Corticosteroids:
- Decreases the amount of chemical mediators
- Usually given IV
- Will decrease any edema that is present
- Methylprednisolone is most common

27
Q

Anaphylaxis: Vassopressors

A

Vasopressors: given if hypotensive to raise BP
- Ex: norepinephrine IV

28
Q

Anaphylaxis IVF

A

isotonic
- Helps increase/maintain BP
- Adults: 1L IV bolus
- Children: 20ml/kg/hr

29
Q

Anaphylaxis : Bronchodilators

A

Decreases bronchoconstriction

30
Q

Allergic Rhinitis: ​

A

inflammation of nasal mucosa
- Causes: seasonal (pollen) or perennial (environmental) allergens
- Exposure to allergen leads to IgE and inflammation in nasal cavity

31
Q

Allergic Rhinitis symptoms ( episodic, intermittent, persistent )

A

Frequency of symptoms:
- Episodic: sporadic exposure (you go to a friends house who has a cat)
- Intermittent: less than 4 days a week or less than 4 weeks/year
- Persistent: more than 4 days a weeks or greater than 4 weeks/year

32
Q

Allergic Rhinitis Manifest

A

Manifestations:
- Sneezing, watery itchy eyes/nose
- Congestion, decreased smell
- Pale, boggy, swollen turbinates
- Chronic exposures: headache, nasal congestion w/ sinus pressure, hoarseness, cough
(d/t nasal polyps), post nasal drip
- Allergic tongue
- Allergic crease

33
Q

Epine

A

-check expiration date
Inject drugs at 90 degree, hold for 2-3 seconds, inject through clothes
After use call 911 take injector with you

Nur 211 (6 decks)

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