Maths Yr08 Sum1 Flashcards
1.0 Fair
An event or experiment is fair if all outcomes are equally likely.
1.1 Bias
An event of experiment is biased if not all outcomes are equally likely.
1.2 Sample Space
A sample space is a means of listing all possible outcomes to an experiment – usually a table.
1.3 Theoretical Probability
Is the probability, in theory, you expect to get from an statistical experiment
1.4 Calculating theoretical probability
Probability (P) = Number of ways to get that event Number of all possible outcomes
1.5 Relative Frequency or experimental probability
The number of times an event happens, divided by the total number of trials in an actual experiment.
1.6 Mutually Exclusive events
Two or more events that cannot happen at the same time.
1.7 Independent events
Two events are independent if one event does not affect the probability of another.
1.8 Probability of two independent events both happening
P(A and B) = P(A) X P(B)
10.0 Transformation
A way of changing the size or position of a shape.
10.1 Object
The original shape before a transformation has occurred
10.2 Image
The transformed shape after a transformation has taken place
10.3 Translation
Moves a shape vertically and/or horizontally. It does not change its orientation
10.4 Column Vector
Gives an instruction for a translation (movement).
(Movement in x direction)¦(Movement in y direction)
10.5 Reflection
This transforms an object by reflecting in a line of symmetry.
10.6 Rotation
Turning and object around a point (centre of rotation):
We can rotate by any angle, in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction. The distance from the centre to any point on theshapestays the same.
10.7 Enlargement
Make a shape bigger or smaller. All sides of the original shape are multiplied by the same scale factor (multiplier). Each point is enlarged from a centre point, controlling where the image ends up.
2.0 The AND rule
The probability of an event occurring AND then another event, can be found by MULTIPLYING their probabilities
2.1 The OR rule
The probability of an event OR another event occurring, can be found by ADDING their probabilities.
2.2 Expected number of outcomes
(The probability of the event occurring) x (the number of trials)
3.0 Statistics
The collection, organisation, presentation, and interpretation of data
3.1 Data
A collection of facts, words, numbers, or measurements
3.2 Qualitative Data
Descriptive information
3.3 Quantitative Data
Numerical information
3.4 Discrete Data
Can only take certain values
3.5 Continuous Data
Can take any value (within a range)
4.0 Average
The central tendency of data. There are three measures of average: The mean, median, or mode
4.1 Calculating Mean
Divide the sum of all the data points by the total number of data points
4.2 Finding the Median
The middle piece of data in an ordered data set
4.3 MOde/Modal
The MOst frequent piece of data.
4.4 Range
The difference between the lowest and highest values in a data set
4.5 Positive Correlation
When the two variables increase together
4.6 Negative Correlation
When one variable increases the other decreases
5.0 Sequence
A pattern of numbers or objects that follow a rule
5.1 Term
One of the numbers or objects in a sequence
5.2 Term-to-term rule
A rule that defines the value of each term in a sequence if the previous terms are known
5.3 Nth term rule (position to term)
A formula relating the position, n, to the value of a term.
6.0 Square Number sequence
The sequences of square numbers: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 ……….
The square number sequence can be defined with the simple defined as n2
6.1 Cube Number Sequence
The sequence of cube numbers: 1, 8, 27, 64, 125……The cube number sequence can be define as n3
6.2 Triangular Number Sequence
A number that can be represented in the shape of a triangle e.g. 3, 6, 10, 15, 21…..
6.3 Fibonacci Sequence
Each number is the sum of the two numbers before 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, …
6.4 Arithmetic (linear) sequence
A sequence where terms have the same value added/subtracted each time known as a common difference
6.5 Quadratic sequence
Where the second line of difference in an arithmetic sequence is constant
6.6 Geometric sequence
Each term is multiplied by the same value his is known as a common ratio.
7.0 Term
A number, a variable, or a product of both
7.1 Expression
A group of numbers, symbols and/or operations
7.2 Identity
An equation that is true for all values. We use ‘ ≡ ‘ to show that the expressions on either side are ALWAYS equal
7.3 Equation
A mathematical statement containing an equals sign.
7.4 Formula(e)
A mathematical rule written using symbols
7.5 Substitution
The replacement of numbers for letters
7.6 Solve
Solving an equation finds numerical values for all the variables that make the equation true
8 Perimeter
The distance around the outside of a 2D shape.
8.1 Area
The space occupied by a flat 2D of an object, measured in unit squares..
8.2 Volume
The amount of 3D space, measured in cubic units, that an object occupies. The capacity of that object
8.3 Surface Area
The total surface area of all the faces of a 3D object
8.4 Prism
A solid object with identical ends, flat faces, and the same cross-sectional shape throughout
8.5 Face
The flat surface of a 3D shape
8.6 Edges
The line segment that joins two vertices together and boarders two faces
8.7 Vertices (Vertex)
The point where lines meet. Vertex means corner. Vertices is the plural
8.8 Net
A flat shape made up of the faces of a 3D object that can be folded up into a 3D solid.
9 Circumference
The distance around the edge of the circle. It is the circles perimeter
9.1 Arc
Part of the circumference between two points
9.2 Radius
Is a line segment joining the centre of a circle with any point on the circumference
9.3 Diameter
The distance from one point on a circle through the centre to another point on the circle.
9.4 Chord
A line segment connecting two points on a curve
9.5 Segment
An AREA within a circle bounded by a chord and an arc
9.6 Sector
A ‘pie-slice’ part of a circle – the AREA between two radii and the connecting arc of a circle.
9.7 Tangent
A straight line that meets the circumference at a point at right angles
9.8 Area of a circle
A=πr^2
