Mathis - Topic 3 Flashcards
progressives
mainly middle-class people who believed that industrialization and urbinazition had created troubling social and political problems
wanted to bring reforms to these problems and injustices
use logic and reason to make society work in a more efficient and orderly way
believed highly educated leaders should use modern ideas and scientific techniques to improve society
3 different goals:
1. political reform
2. big business - wanted government to “bust the trusts” and create more economic opportunites for smaller businesses
3. class system, these ones often motivated by religion and wanted to reduce the gap between rich and poor. attacked harsh working conditions for miners, factory workers, child laborers, other workers. wanted to improve conditions in city slums. wanted social welfare laws to help children, workers, and consumers
main goal of progressive women was to improve family life, so they pusehd for laws that could help mothers keep families healthy and safe (eg: temperance movement)
populist
mostly farmers
muckraker
progressives. Theodore Roosevelt agrreed with most of what they said but he thought they were too fascinated with the ugliest side of things and dramatized the need for reform. he gave them the name muckraker. their articles appeared in widespread magazines/newspapers and revealed conditions, horrifying people across the nation. their accounts prompted Americans to push for reforms. how they shape American opinion.
Social Gospel
blend of ideas from German socialism and American progressivism that followed Bible teachings about charity and justice so people could make society the kingdom of God. called for the end child labor and long working hours, wanted shorter workweek, urged government to limit power of corporations and trusts
made by Walter Rauschenbusch
Walter Rauschenbusch
made Social Gospel
settlement house
community center that provided social services to the urban poor. gave moms classes in child care, taught English to immigrants, and ran nursery schools and kindergartens
Keating-Owens Act
banned child labor in all states, but was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court 2 years later
Lochner v. New York
Supreme Court ruled that laws limiting the workday to ten hours were unconstitutional
direct primary
election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections
initiative
gave people the power to put a proposed new law directly on the ballot in the next election by collecting citizens’ signatures on a petition
referendum
allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature
recall
gave voters the power to remove public servants from office before their terms ended
17th amendment
American citizens themselves elect their own senators rather than allowing state legislatures to do so
Florence Kelley
believed that women were hurt by unfair prices for goods they had to buy to run their homes, so she founded the NCL
also helped form the WTUL
National Consumers League (NCL)
founded by Florence Kelley
gave special labels to goods produced under fair, safe, and healthy working conditions and urged women to buy them and avoid products that did not have these labels
backed laws calling for the government to inspect meatpacking plans, make workplaces safer, and make payments to the unemployed
Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL)
Florence Kelley helped form this
tried to improve conditions for female factory workers
one of the few groups in which upper and working-class women served together as leaders
pusehd for federal laws that set a minimum wage and 8 hour workday
created the first workers’ strike fund, which could be used to help support families who refused to work in unsafe/unfair ocnditions
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
led temperance movement and gained strength during progressive era
Frances Willard
led the WCTU and her work contributed to the 18th amendment
18th amendment
outlawed the production and sale of alcohol
Margaret Sanger
operated the country’s first birth-control clinic and jailed several times as a “public nuisance” for distributing information about birth control
founded the American Birth Control League
Ida B. Wells
black woman who helped form the NACW
in NAACP, planned strategy or using litigation in courts to challenge unfair laws and expand the right to vote
National Assoociation of Colored Women (NACW)
Ida B. Wells helped form it
helped families strive for success and assisted those who were less fortunate
with money raised from educated black women they set up daycare centers to protect and educate black children
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
formed the National Woman Suffarage Association
Carrie Chapman Catt
reenergized the national suffrage effort through NAWSA and became its president
was cautious about new methods used by social activists but added them to her tactics at NAWSA
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
president was Carrie Chapman Catt
merger of National Woman Suffrage Association and a rival women’s suffrage group
included women from all races and levels of society
Florence Kelley
Catt’s winning plan
called for action on 2 fronts for suffrage
1. lobby congress to pass a constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote
2. use new referendum process to try to pass state suffrage laws
social activists
organized mass parades and rallies
suffrage movement’s new leaders
expanded suffrage movement’s goals to include calls for improvements in education, reforms of corrupt governemnt, and lagbor reforms (eg: passage of child labor laws), linking it with progressivism and making it more appealing to working women
when did more college-educated women join the suffrage movement?
probably around the time of the new leaders (when suffrage movement expanded its goals)
Alice Paul
Quaker encouraged to be independent while she was being raised in her home and formed the NWP
believed drastic steps were needed to get the right to vote
National Woman’s Party (NWP)
formed by Alice Paul and used public protest marches
first group to march with picket signs outside the white house
some went on hunger strikes in jail, some of them, including Alice Paul, were force-fed
their methods angered many people, including other suffrage groups
helped women win the right to vote because their actions drew attention to their cause and made less-radical groups (eg: NAWSA) look tame by comparision
The National Asociation Opposed to Woman Suffrage (NAOWSA)
believed that the effort to win the vote would take women’s attention away from family and volunteer work that benefited society in many ways
