Math Vocabulary Flashcards
Whole Number
The numbers used in counting and zero; 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,…
Volume
The amount of space taken up by a three-dimensional shape
Variation Constant
The positive constant K in the equation of variation. Also called the constant of proportionality
Variable Terms
Expression consisting of nonzero numbers multiplying a variable or variables
Variable
A letter often x, y, or z that stands for an unspecified quantity
Unit Rate
A rate which shows how many units of one quantity( in the numerator) corresponds to one unit of the second quantity (in the denominator), such as miles/hour
Unit Conversions
Calculating equivalent values between systems of measurement
Unimodal
Describes a distribution of data with a single clear peak
Terminate
To end
Table
A set of data displayed in rows and columns
Surface Area
The total area of a three dimensional object’s surface
Sum
The result of an addition
Subtraction
Removing one number from another; the inverse of subtraction
Subtend
Let S be an arc of a circle with center O. Draw radii from O to each endpoint of S, and measure the Angle between the radii. Then S is said to subtend angle from 0.
Standard Deviation
A quantity that indicates the extent to which data varies from the mean
Square Units
Units used to measure area. One square unit is the area of a square with sides that measure 1 unit
Spread
The range of values in a data distribution
Solve
Find the answer
Slope
The rate of change, or the steepness and direction, of a line on a coordinate plane.
Simplify
Reducing a fraction or an expression to a simpler form by actions such as cancellation of common factors and regrouping of terms with the same variable
Semicircle
A half circle
Scatterplot
A graph using dots to represent data points
Scale
Ratio of graphical representation to actual size
Rounding
Simplifying a number by removing decimal places or changing those places to zero
Round- off-error
Rounded numbers are not perfectly accurate; there is a certain amount of error involved when using them. When using rounded numbers in repeated calculations, these errors can build up and sometimes cause highly inaccurate results
Right Triangle
A triangle with a right angle
Repeat
Do again
Reciprocal
1 divided by the original number, or, for a nonzero fraction a/b, the reciprocal is b/a; the reciprocal of a nonzero fraction is a/b is b/a. The product of a number and its reciprocal
Real Number
Rational and irrational numbers together
Rational Number
A number that can be expressed as a fraction
Ratio
A comparison of the sizes of two numbers
Rate of Change
A rate that describes how one quantity changes in relation to another
Rate
A ratio that compares quantities of two units of measure
Range
The difference between the highest and lowest values in a set
Random Variable
Essentially, a rule that assigns a number to a certain event
Quotient
The result of a division
Quadrants
In a Cartesian graph of a plane, the four quarters into which the plane is divided by the two axes. They are labeled with Roman numerals; Quadrant I is in the upper right quarter, and the numbering proceeds from there clockwise
Proportion
An equality of two ratios
Product
The result of a multipication
Probability
The likelihood that an event will occur
Prime Number
A nonzero whole number that has only itself and 1 as factors; 2 is the lowest prime number
Point on A Graph
The location of a value expressed as (x,y)
Place Value
Numerical value defined by position
Pie Chart
A circular graph with slices suggestive of a pie; the larger the slice, the greater the quantity being represented
Perimeter
The distance around a two-dimensional shape
Percentage Increase
The positive difference between two numbers, divided by the first number , multiplied by 100
Percentage Decrease
The negative differences between two numbers, divided by the first number, multiplied by 100
Percent
Parts per 100
Pythagorean Theorem
A mathematical theorem that states for any right triangle , the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the square of the legs
Outlier
A data point that distinctly separate from other data; unexpected value
Origin
In a Cartesian graph, the point (0,0)(for a plane) or (0,0,0)(for a space). It is found at the intersection of the axes
Ordering Numbers
Putting numbers in order from lowest to highest
Ordered Triple
An order set of three numbers usually enclosed in parentheses
Ordered Pair
An ordered pair set of two numbers, usually enclosed in parentheses. by ordered is meant that the order in which the numbers appear is important. For example (1,2) ia not considered the same (2,1)
Order of Operations
The sequence of operations that must be followed to simplify an expression
Operation
A mathematical action
Numerator
The top number of a fraction
Non-negative
Greater than or equal to zero. (positive or zero)
Multiplication Principle
In a true equation a=b, ac=bc is also true for any number c
Multiplication
Addition of a number to itself a specified number of times
Multiples of a number
A number multiplied by various integers
Mixed Numbers
A number formed by an integer and a fraction
Metric System
International System of Units based on the power of 10
Measures of Central Tendency
Means is what is commonly known as the average; median is the middle value; and mode is the number repeated most often
Linear Units
A unit used to measure length
Line Graph
A graph using lines or line segments to represent data or trends
Like Terms
Terms in expression with the same variable(s) and power(s). The number multiplying the variables need not be the same
Length
The measure from end to end
Legend
An explanation of figures used in a map or chart
Leg
One or two sides of a right triangle not the hypotenuse
Least Common Multiple
The LCM of two nonzero whole numbers is the smallest number that is a multiple of both
Least Common Denominator
The least common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions
Isolator
To manipulate an algebraic equation, using the principles of algebra, in order to get the variable alone on one side of the equation. Also called the isolating of the variable
Irregular Shape
A shape in which not all sides or angles are equal
Irrational Number
A real number that cannot be expressed as a rational number, that is, by terminating or repeating decimal
Inverse Variable
This occurs when an increase or decrease in one variable produces a decrease, respectively, in another variable
Inverse Arithmetic Operations
Mathematical operations that undo each other
Integer
Whole numbers and their negatives;…, -3,-2,-3,0,1,2,3…
Inequality Symbols
Less than (<) ,greater than (>) ,less than or equal to( ≤) less than or equal to, (≥)greater than or equal to.
Inequality
A mathematic statement with two expressions which do not have the same value
Independent Variable
A variable that determines the value of another variable
Hypotenuse
The side of a right triangle opposite its right angle
Graph
A drawing which represents relationships between numbers or data
Front-end
Disregard every number after the first
Fraction
A number expressed as a numerator and denominator
Factoring
Breaking down a number into its components under multiplication; e.g., 10=125
Extraneous
Irrelevent
Expression
A finite string of mathematical symbols (numbers, operations, variables) that are grouped to show a value
Expected Value
The most likely value of a random variable
Estimation
A rough calculation of numbers
Erroneous
Incorrect
Equation of Variable
The equation of direct variation, y=kx, or inverse variation, y=k/x
Equation
A mathematical statement that indicates the equality of two expressions
Divisor
When a division is written as a fraction , this is the denominator
Division
Separation of numbers into parts; the inverse of multiplication
Divisible
A number is divisible by another number if it is a multiple of that number , or if division by it results in a zero remainder
Dividend
The number being divided in a division. When a division is written as a fraction, this is the numerator
Distributive Property
For three numbers a ,b ,c , a(b + c)=ab + ac
Direct Variation
This occurs when an increase or decrease in one variable produces an increase or decrease, respectively, in another variable
Dimensional Analysis
Using the technique of multiplication by one to convert rates
Difference
The result of a subtraction
Dependent Variable
A variable that depends on at least one other variable
Denominator
The bottom number of a fraction
Decimal Place Value
Power of ten by position away from the decimal point. Going left; units, tens, hundreds, etc. Going right; tenths, hundredths, thousandths, etc.
Decimal
A number expressed in powers of ten.
Data Trend
General tendency of numbers in a set
Cubic Unit
Units used to measure volume. One cubic unit is the volume of a cube with sides that measure 1 unit
Covariance
The way two variables change together
Correlation
The way two variables change together, also known as covariation
Conversion Factor
The number used to multiply or divide to convert from one value to another
Conversion
Changing one value or unit of measurement to another that is equivalent
Contextual
Related to surrounding content
Constant of proportionality
The ratio between two quantities
Constant
A number that is not attached to or does not multiply a variable
Composite Number
A non zero whole number not equal to 1 that is not prime
Compatible Numbers
Numbers that are conductive to easy mental computations
Common Denominators
In a set of two or more fractions, an integer that is divisible by each denominator. That is, a multiple of all of the denominators
Combine Like Term
Simplifying an expression by using the distributive property
Coefficient
The number being multiplied by a variable
Clustering
Noting that a group of members are close to a certain value
Clear the Equation of the Fractions
Multiplying both sides of an equation with fractions by a common denominator of all of the fractions to simplify the equation
Clear the Equation of Decimals
Multiplying both sides of an equation with decimals by a power of ten that will result in all-integer numbers in the equation
Circumference
The length around a circle
Chart
Information in the form of a table or graph
Cancellation
Ignoring factors of 1 in multiplication of fractions
Cartesian Coordinate
An ordered pair or ordered triple used to specify a point on a plane or in a space, respectively
Bivariate
Containing two variables
Bimodal
Describes a distribution of data with two clear peaks
Bar Graph
A graph using vertical or horizontal bars to represent quantities
Axis
A reference line, often a number line, for measurement of coordinates. In a Cartesian graph, there are two axes for a plane (usually x- and y-axis) and three axes for a space (usually x-, y- and z- axis) all set at right angles to each other
Area
The amount of space inside a two dimensional boundary
Arc
Part of the circumference of a circle.
Algebraic Equation
A mathematical equation that includes one or more variables
Additive Inverse
The additive inverse of a is -a; that is, it is a number which, when added to a, yields zero
Addition Principle
In a true equation a=b, a + c= b + c is also true for any number c
Absolute Value
The absolute value of a number x, symbolized |x|, is the distance from x to 0 on a number line. It can also be defined as |x|= x if x ≥ 0, or =-x if x < 0
Absolute Difference
The absolute value of the difference of two numbers
