Math Section I Flashcards

1
Q

What is probability?

A

the likelihood that an outcome will occur

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2
Q

What is the probability the Sun will rise in the West tomorrow?

A

0%, the Sun always rises in the East

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3
Q

What is the probability the Sun will set in the West?

A

100%, the Sun always sets in the West

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4
Q

What is the probability the Sun will rise in the East?

A

100%, the Sun always rises in the East

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5
Q

What is the probability the Sun will set in the East?

A

0%, the Sun always sets in the West

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6
Q

What is an impossible probability?

A

0%

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7
Q

What is the probability of something that is guaranteed?

A

100%

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8
Q

What is the probability of something that is equally likely as unlikely?

A

50%

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9
Q

What is the favorable outcome?

A

the outcome we are trying to predict the probability of

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10
Q

What is the formula for probability?

A

P = number of times favorable event occurs/total number of times any event occurs

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11
Q

How many outcomes can occur when flipping a coin?

A

2

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12
Q

How many outcomes can occur when rolling a number cube? (A number cube = dice)

A

6

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13
Q

How many outcomes can occur on a standard deck of cards?

A

52

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14
Q

How many diamonds are in a standard deck of cards?

A

13

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15
Q

How many spades are in a standard deck of cards?

A

13

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16
Q

How many clubs are in a standard deck of cards?

A

13

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17
Q

How many hearts are in a standard deck of cards?

A

13

18
Q

What are the 4 suits in a standard deck of cards?

A

hearts, clubs, diamonds, and spades

19
Q

What are the 2 colors used in a standard deck of cards?

A

red and black

20
Q

How many of each number are in a standard deck of cards?

A

4 each, 1 for each suit

21
Q

What is the Theoretical Model of Probability? (theoretical probability)

A

the probability in theory

22
Q

What is Experimental Probability?

A

data collected when outcomes are recorded in an experiment, favorable outcomes/number of trials

23
Q

What is the formula for the Theoretical Model of Probability?

A

favorable outcomes/total outcomes

24
Q

What is the formula for Experimental Probability?

A

favorable outcomes produced/number of trials

25
Q

If the favorable event is A, what is its complement?

A

A’, or A prime

26
Q

What is the complement of a favorable event?

A

when the favorable event does not happen

27
Q

P(A) + P(A’) = _

A

1

28
Q

What are independent events?

A

events that are unrelated, the outcome of P(A) doesn’t affect P(B)

29
Q

What is the formula for independent events?

A

P(A ∩ B) = P(A) * P(B)

30
Q

What are dependent events?

A

events where the second event is dependent on the first

31
Q

What is the formula for dependent events?

A

P(A ∩ B) = P(A) * P(B|A)

32
Q

What are mutually exclusive events?

A

events that can’t occur at the same time

33
Q

What is the formula for mutually exclusive events?

A

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

34
Q

P(A ∩ B) = 0 when events are ____________ _________________.

A

mutually exclusive

35
Q

What is a permutation?

A

the ordered arrangement of elements in a set

36
Q

What is the fundamental counting principle?

A

if one event can occur m ways and another can occur in n ways, then the number of ways both can occur is m*n

37
Q

What is a factorial represented by?

A

!

38
Q

What does a factorial mean?

A

the product of all whole numbers starting from the number to the left of the factorial down to 1

39
Q

What is the permutations formula?

A

nPr = n!/(n-r)!

40
Q

What is the combinations formula?

A

nCr = n!/(n-r)! * r!