Math Bridging, Matter & Gases Flashcards
Margin of Uncertainty associated with measurement
ABSOLUTE UNCERTAINTY
Size of absolute uncertainty with the size of its associated measurement
RELATIVE UNCERTAINTY
Formula of Relative Uncertainty
Absolute uncertainty / Magnitude of Measurement
Systematic process used to investigate phenomena and answer question
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Five main steps in Scientific Method
- OBSERVATION
- HYPOTHESIS
- EXPERIMENT
- ANALYSIS
- CONCLUSION
Anything that occupies space, has mass and exhibit inertia
MATTER
Fundamental states of Matter
- SOLID
- LIQUID
- GAS
- PLASMA
States of matter that only emerge under extreme conditions; Due to the deviations or discontinuities in properities inclusing pressure, temperature, ore specific heat
INTERMEDIATE STATES
Intermediate states of matter
- BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
- SUPERLIQUID
- FERMIONIC CONDENSATE
- SUPERSOLID
- NEUTRON-DEGENERATE MATTER
Fundamental building blocks of matter and are considered the simplest substance
ELEMENT
Composed of two or more different elements that are CHEMICALLY BONDED together in a fixed and defined proportion
COMPOUND
Two or more elements or compounds that are physically combined
MIXTURE
Two types of mixture
- HOMGENEOUS
- HETEROGENEOUS
Qualities or characteristics of matter; used to differentiate one sample from another
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Property of matter that ca be observed or measured without changing the composition
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
Property of matter that is defined by its composition and what chemical changes it can undergo
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
Number of physical properties; it depends on the amount of substance present in a sample
EXTENSIVE PROPERTY
Property of matter that is independent on the amount of substance present in a sample; Intrinsic to the material’s chemical composition & molecular sttructure
INTENSIVE PROPERTY
Quantity of matter packed in to a unit of volume of material; each substance has a unique of this
DENSITY
A process that alter the physical properties of a substance without altering chemical composition
PHYSICAL CHANGE
Transformation of one or more substances into entirely new substances with different chemical composition
CHEMICAL CHANGE
- Gas to Solid and Solid to Gas
- Solid to Liquid and Liquid to Solid
- Liquid to Gas and Gas to Liquid
- DEPOSITION and SUBLIMATION
- MELTING and FREEZING
- EVAPORATION and CONDENSATION
Common substances that undergo sublimation
Hint: “BOC-BOSH”
B - Benzoic acid
O - Oxalic Acid
C - Camphor
B - Borneol
O - Old Iodine
S - Salicylic Acid
H - Hydrate Copper (II) Sulfate
Substance that exists in a gaseous state at ordinary temperature and pressure
GAS
Gaseous form of any substance that is typically a liquid or solid
VAPOR
Abundant Elements in:
1. Atmosphere
2. Universe
3. Earth’s Crust
4. Human Body
- Nitrogen - 78%, Oxygen - 21%, others 0.1%
- (Hy! Helium) H - 91% & He - 9%
- (Ox SilA Fe) O - 47%, Si - 28%, Al - 8% & Fe - 5%
- (Ox Ca? HydNi.) O - 65%, Ca- 18%, H - 9.5% & Ni - 3.2%
Force exerted by the weight of the air above us;
It decrease with altitude and fluctuates with weather conditions
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
Pressure that supports a column of mercury exactly 760 mm high at 273 K at sea level; equivalent to 1 atm of 101.3 Pa
STANDARD ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
The Standard Temperature & Pressure
T = 0C = 273.15 K
P = 1 bar = 0.987 atm = 100 kPa = 10^5 Pa
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume, in constant temperature
BOYLE’S LAW
(P1V1 = P2V2)
Volume of gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure
CHARLE’S LAW
(V1/T1 = V2/T2)
Dependence of volume on the amount pf gas, at constant temperature and pressure
AVOGADRO’S LAW
(V1/n1 = V2/n2)
The pressure of gas is proportional to its absolute temperature (in Kelvin)
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
(P1/T1 = P2/T2)
Relationship of Pressure, Temperature, and Volume
COMBINED GAS LAW
(P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2)
Relationship of Pressure, Temperature, Volume and Number of Moles
IDEAL GAS LAW
(PV = nRT)
