Math

Question 1

What are some characteristics of cognitive factors with individuals with math disabilities?

Answer 1

Poor working memory
Slow processing speed
Abstract/complex reasoning deficits
Typically low average IQ
in contrast to “slow math learners” with higher IQ

Question 2

What are red flags in math disabilities?

Answer 2

Low math achievement scores across several grades
Immature math strategies
Poor working memory
Slow basic math facts
Earliest red flag: difficulty with pre-verbal number sense

Question 3

What are the 3 domains of MLD?

Answer 3

Number Sense
Semantic Memory
Procedural Competence

Question 4

What is a Deficit in Number Sense?

Answer 4

Difficulty internalizing the concept that symbols represent exact quantities

Slow identification of representations of more, less, and equal

Difficulty subitizing

Question 5

What is a Deficit in Semantic Memory?

Answer 5

Difficulty learning and recalling basic math facts
Associations between related concepts are not automatic
Difficulty recalling and using math vocabulary
Difficulty inhibiting irrelevant associations from entering working memory during problem solving
Ex: when asked to solve 3 + 4 they automatically think 5 and become confused

Question 6

What is a Deficit in Procedural Competence?

Answer 6

Procedures do not become automatic, even with practice
e.g. forget to carry or borrow despite having learned how
Often use developmentally immature strategies compared to their peers
e.g. counting on fingers
Even one-step word problems are challenging
High rate of errors when solving multi-step math problems
e.g. long division

Question 7

What are interventions?

Answer 7

DIBELs Math for universal screening

• Direct instruction (e.g. use of ten frames to subitize)
• Distributed practice
• Online programs
• Touch Math for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division
• Bar modeling