Maternal deprivation

Question 1

Separation vs Deprivation

Answer 1

Separation- child not in presence of PAF

Deprivation- a result of extended separations with PAF

Question 2

Critical period

Answer 2

First 2.5 years

Separation without secondary back up for lengthy period psych. damage inevitable

Question 3

Continuity hypothesis

Answer 3

Prolonged sep/dep limit development of Internal Working Model
If this fails, will lead to unsuccessful childhood and adult relationships as well as parenting skills

Question 4

Effects on intellectual development

Answer 4

Bowlby- dep. means delayed intellectual development, characterised by low IQ
Demonstrated in studies of adoption, e.g. Goldfarb

Question 5

Effects on emotional development

Answer 5

Bowlby- Affectionless Psychopathy (feel no remorse or empathy)

Question 6

Bowlby 44 thieves study (1944) (procedure)

Answer 6

44 criminal teenagers accused of stealing assessed for APsych
Families interviewed about extended mother separation
Control group of 44 emotionally disturbed by non crim

Question 7

Bowlby 44 thieves study (1944) (findings)

Answer 7

14/44 thieves could be described as APsychs
12/14 experienced prolonged separation in first 2 years
Only 5 of remaining 30 exp. seperation
2 part. in CG experienced long seperations

Question 8

EVAL+: Social impact

Answer 8

Child welfare benefits
Increased cost of childcare
Made it harder for working mothers with cost and attachment

Question 9

EVAL-: Schaffer and Emerson contradiction

Answer 9

Children can move quickly between spec. and mult. attachments
Not just one special attachment
Glasgow-35% didn’t have mum as single primary attachment

Question 10

EVAL-: How did Rutter (2011) (ROM orphan) go against maternal deprivation

Answer 10

Highlights importance of sensitive period instead of crit. period
While dep. has long term damage, can be some reversibility

Question 11

EVAL-: Bowlby flawed evidence

Answer 11

Bias- Bowlby carried out interviews and assessments, knew which were expected to be APsych
Influenced by Goldfarb (1943) which had CONFOUNDING VARIABLES

Question 12

EVAL-: Privation and Deprivation

Answer 12

Rutter (1981)-
Dep. refers to loss of PAF after attachment was developed
Priv. failure for attachment to form in the first place
Bowlby’s long term more likely to be from priv. than dep.

Question 13

EVAL-: Conflicting evidence

Answer 13

Lewis (1954)
500 youths no assoc. between separation and psychopathy
Gao et al. (2010)
partial support, poor quality maternal care assoc. with high rate of psychopathy