Maternal and Pediatrics Midterms Flashcards
Most common cause of hemorrhage; when the myometrium fails to contract making blood vessels fail to constrict makes it dilated causing blood flow
UTERINE ATONY
Found near the branches of the uterine artery. May result in greater blood loss. Blood may be brighter red than the venous blood loss with uterine atony.
CERVICAL LACERATIONS
Much easier to locate than cervical lacerations.
VAGINAL LACERATIONS
More common to patients placed in lithotomy position during birth, since it puts pressure to the perineum.
PERINEAL LACERATION
Uterus turns inside out after the delivery and the bleeding continues.
INVERSION OF THE UTERUS
Uterus out to the vagina, a large red rounded mass protrudes from the vagina.
COMPLETE INVERSION
Uterus cannot be seen, but felt.
INCOMPLETE INVERSION
Prevents the uterus from contracting fully, thus uterus bleeding occurs.
RETAINED PLACENTAL FRAGMENTS
Blood collection below the epidermis of vulva. Likely to occur to patients with rapid normal spontaneous birth and in patients who have vulvar varicosities. Can lead to hemodynamic instability.
HEMATOMA
Placenta blood vessels extended to external wall/muscle.
PLACENTA ACORDA
Infection of the genital tract the occurs within 28 days of abortion or delivery.
POSTPARTUM INFECTIONS
Marked engorgement, pain, chills, fever, tachycardia, hardness, and redness, enlarged and tender lymph nodes.
MASTITIS
Inflammation of the connective tissue between the lobes in the breast.
MAMMARY CELLUTITIS
Clot not moving; formation of clot in blood vessels due to edema acquired during pregnancy.
THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE
Most common mood disorders (postpartum blues, depression, and psychosis).
POSTPARTUM PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
Seems to be related to changes in progesterone, estrogen, and prolactin levels. 50 to 80% moms are affected, self limiting up to 10 days.
POSTPARTUM BLUES
Condition where you have your own reality and detached to the real reality.
POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS
Pregnancy has not occured after atleast 1 year of engaging in unprotected coitus.
SUBFERTILITY
There have been no previous conception.
PRIMARY SUBFERTILITY
There has been a previous viable pregnancy but the couple is unable to conceive at present.
SECONDARY SUBFERTILITY
Inability to conceive due to a know condition. (Mullerian Agenesis - absence of a uterus).
STERILITY
Problem with sexual desire or response.
Men - Erectile dysfunction and premature delayed ejaculation.
Women - Include spasms of the vagina and pain in sexual intercourse.
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
Infection of the female reproductive organs.
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
Diseases that are spread through sexual contact with an infected partner (oral, anal, or vaginal sex).
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Sexually Transmitted Infection
Yeast infections, thrush or, moniliasis, vaginal infection spread by the fungus candida albican an organism that thrives on glycogen.
CANDIDIASIS
STD is cause by a small organism called Trichomonas Vaginalis. It is the most common curable STD to young sexually active women.
TRICHOMONIASIS
Easily spread because it often causes no symptoms and may be unknowingly passed to sexual partners. About 75% of infections in women and 50% in men without symptoms.
CHLAMYDIA
Causes fibrous tissue overgrowth called genital warts (condyloma acuminatum) on the external vulva, vagina or cervix. Common cause of cervical cancer in women.
HUMAN PAPPILOMA VIRUS AND GENIRAL WARTS
Contagious disease transmitted most often through sexual contact with an infected person. May also be spread by contact with infected bodily fluids, so that a mother could pass on the infection to her newborn during childbirth.
GONORRHEA
Highly contagious disease spread primarily by sexual activity, including oral and anal sex. It is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum.
SYPHILIS
Common and highly contagious infection usually spread through sex. It is caused by herpes virus hominis type 2 also called herpes simplex virus.
GENITAL HERPES
Serious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Infection with this virus can cause scarring of the liver, liver failure, liver cancer, and even death.
HEPATITIS B
Mild infection of the vagina caused by bacteria. Normally there are an imbalance between the good and bad bacteria in the vagina.
BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum. It is similar to a varicose vein that can occur in the leg. It is the most common cause of low sperm production and decreased sperm quality, which can cause infertility.
VARICOCELE
Birth weight is below the 10th percentile on an intrauterine growth curve for that age.
SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE
A newborn whose birth weight is at or above 90th percentile on the intrauterine growth curve.
LARGE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE
Birth weight of a liveborn infant of < 2,500g (5lbs and 8 oz) regardless of gestational age.
LARGE BIRTH WEIGHT
Refers to children whose current weight or rate of weight gain is much lower than of other children of similar age and gender.
FAILURE TO THRIVE
Blood infection that occurs in an infant younger than 90 days old.
NEONATAL SEPSIS
When people who have one blood type receive from someone with a different blood type, causing their immune system to react.
ABON INCOMPATIBILITY
It is specifically caused when a mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh positive.
Rh INCOMPATIBILITY
Increase in the serum bilirubin characterized by jaundice.
HYPERBILLIRUBINEMIA
Condition that causes babies to need extra oxygen and help breathing.
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Newborn breaths a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid into the lungs around the time of delivery.
MECONIUM ASPIRATIONS SYNDROME
Unexplained death, usually during sleep of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old. Also known as the crib death.
SUDDEN INFANT DEATH
Inflammation of the larynx , trachea, and major bronchi.
LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS
Inhalation of a foreign object into the airway occurs most frequently in infants and toddlers.
ASPIRATION
Reccurent, diffuse obstructive pulmonary disease process caused by airway inflammation and hyper reactivity. Occurs when children fail to respond and an attack continues.
STATUS ASTHMATICUS
Is a chronic, progressive and frequently fatal genetic (inherited) disease of the body’s mucus glands.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Thick mucus blocks the tubes that carry digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the intestines. Without these enzymes, the body can’t absorb protein, fats, or fat soluble vitamins.
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIS
Frequent coughing or straining during constipation.
RECTAL PROLAPSE
Section of the intestines folds in on itself like an accordion.
INTUSSUCEPTION
Anomalies that involve either a stricture to the flow of blood or a shunt that moves blood from the arterial to the venous system.
ACYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Opening in the atrial septum permitting free communication of blood between the 2 atria.
ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT
Abnormal opening in the ventricular septum, allows free communication between R and L ventricles.
VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
Also called an edocardial crushion defect, results from incomplete fusion of the endocardial cushion, which is the septum of the heart at the junction of the atria and the ventricles.
ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
Condition in which normal fetal circulation condult between the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to close and results in increased pulmonary blood flow.
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
Narrowing of the pulmonary valve or PA that results in the obstruction of blood flow from the ventricles.
PULMONARY STENOSIS
Narrowing at, above, or below the aortic valve.
AORTIC STENOSIS
Narrowing of the lumen of the aorta due to a constricting band.
COARCTATION OF THE AORTA
Localized narrowing of the aorta, the most common cardiac malformation responsible for cyanosis in a child over 1 year.
TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
Tricuspid valve falls to develop causing complete closure of the tricuspid valve that results in mixed blood flow.
TRICUSPID ATRESIA
An autoimmune disease affecting the heart and extra cardiac sites (joints, brain, skin).
ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER
Streptococcal infections causes damage to the heart muscle and valves.
RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
Idiopathic multisystem disease characterized by vasculitis of small and medium blood vessels, including coronary arteries.
KAWASAKI DISEASE
Autosomal recessive genetic disorder of inadequate production of normal hemoglobin.
THALASSEMIA
A net increased in the total number of RBCs.
POLYCYTEMIA
Excess fluid in the extracellular compartment as a result of fluid or sodium retention, excessive fluid intake, or renal failure.
HYPERVOLEMIA
Isotonic fluid loss from extracellular space.
HYPOVOLEMIA
Also known as hyperhydration. Fatal disturbance in brain functions that can result when the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside safe limits by excessive water intake.
WATER INTOXICATION
