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Human Nutrition > Maternal and Infant Nutrition > Flashcards

Maternal and Infant Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What three things should you do before contemplating pregnancy?

A

Screening for Risk
Health promotion and education
Intervention as needed

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2
Q

How is your weight an important factor in pregnancy?

A

Too low or too high of a weight can cause poor outcome. It’s also not a good time to diet.

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3
Q

What vitamin is essential before conception?

A

400-800 micrograms of synthetic folic acid

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4
Q

What should you eliminate prior to pregnancy?

A

Substance use

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5
Q

What is the first stage of human fetal growth?

A

Blastogenic stage (first two weeks)

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6
Q

What happens during the blastogenic stage?

A

Cells differentiate into fetus and placenta (first two weeks)

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7
Q

What is the second stage of human fetal growth?

A

Embryonic stage (weeks 2 to 8)

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8
Q

What happens during the embryonic stage?

A

Development of organ systems

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9
Q

What is the final stage of human fetal growth?

A

Fetal stage (week 9 to delivery)

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10
Q

What happens during the Fetal Stage?

A

Growth

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11
Q

What maternal changes happen during pregnancy?

A

Growth of adipose, breast, and uterine tissues
Increased blood volume
Slower GI tract motility

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12
Q

What is normal weight gain during pregnancy?

A

35-30 pounds

Higher for underweight women, lower for overweight women.

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13
Q

What macronutrient ratio do pregnant women need?

A

Moderate protein, low fat, and high carbohydrate

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14
Q

What does protein do during pregnancy?

A

Create new maternal, placental, and fetal tissues

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15
Q

What does fat do during pregnancy?

A

Fuel for mother and development of placenta

Stored fat supports breastfeeding

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16
Q

What do carbohydrates do during pregnancy?

A

Main source of extra calories which should be fiber rich and consisting of complex carbs

17
Q

What micronutrients have increased need during pregnancy?

A

Iron and Folate, then A, B, and C.

18
Q

What should you avoid during pregnancy?

A

Alcohol, certain types of fish, tobacco, alcohol, drugs, and lessen caffeine

19
Q

What does drinking alcohol during pregnancy contribute to?

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (physical and mental defects as well as growth retardation)

20
Q

How can you lessen GI stress during pregnancy?

A

Eat dry cereal, toast, and crackers before getting out of bed
Drink fluids and exercise between meals
Eat smaller more frequent meals

21
Q

What is weird food cravings and aversions called?

A

Pica

22
Q

What is hypertension during pregnancy called?

A

Preeclampsia (seizures in a pregnant woman not related to brain conditions)

23
Q

What is gestational diabetes?

A

A special diabetes that occurs only during pregnancy where hormones interfere with insulin. Can be controlled through diet and may require insulin.

24
Q

Mothers should try to breastfeed as soon as possible after birth to try to stimulate milk production. What is this first milk called?

A

Colostrum (high in protein and immunoglobulins)

25
Q

What hormone stimulates milk production?

A

Prolactin

26
Q

What hormone stimulates milk release?

A

Oxytocin (let-down reflex)

27
Q

How much water does a breastfeeding woman need?

A

3.8 liters a day

28
Q

Roughly how many calories does a breastfeeding woman need?

A

2200 - 2800 Kcal

29
Q

What are benefits of breastfeeding?

A 
Optimal nutrition
Protects from infection and illness
Convenience
Weight loss/returning uterus to normal size
Burns a lot of calories
30
Q

What is the average growth rate of infants? double birth weight? triple birth weight?

A

4-6 months, 12 months

31
Q

What are the energy and nutrient needs like during infancy?

A

Highest energy and protein needs

32
Q

What are formula usually made from?

A

Cow’s milk or soy

33
Q

What is a good gauge for feeding your baby?

A

Six or more wet diapers a day

Three or more stools a day

34
Q

What is Colic and how can it be treated?

A

Colic is crying and distress. It can be affected by the breastfeeding mother’s diet.

Human Nutrition (3 decks)

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