Maternal and Child Health Flashcards
Definition of 1st 1000 days
Starting at conception, 1000 days of a baby’s life
Power of the 1st 1000 days
• Pregnancy: Babies developing in the womb draw nutrients from their mother, if mom lacks nutrients, so will her baby
• Infancy: Breast milk is superfood for babies, best nutrition, serves as first immunization against disease
• Toddlerhood: Nutrients from healthy foods ensure healthy growth and development
• Children who have satisfactory nutrition in the first 1000 days:
o Are 10x more likely to overcome threatening childhood diseases
o Complete 4.6 more days of school.
o Earn 21% more in wages as adults
o Are more likely as adults to have healthier families
Stunting/Brain development
Stunting: being 2 short for one’s age
-<2sd below WHO child growth standards
Stunting before 2 years of age
-Reflect malnutrition across 1st 1000 days
-Poorer cognitive, educational and economic outcomes
Brain Development
Why is maternal nutrition important to outcomes?
Underweight/Low BMI
-Insufficient Progress
-Low birth weight infant, preterm delivery, and mortality
Overweight/Obesity
-Increasing Epidemic
-Gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, C-section, mortality
Maternal Malnutrition/ Anemia
Vitamin A deficiency
o 19.1 Million women affected (15.3%)
o Night blindness: 9.7 million women
o *Low birthweight, infant mortality
Iodine deficiency
o Global Estimates: 28.5%
o *Cretinism, decreased IQ
Iron deficiency/ Anemia
o Most common nutrient deficiency in world
o 42% of pregnant women
-Low birthweight, preterm birth, risk of iron deficiency in child
o Neonatal and maternal mortality
o IQ, work capacity and earning potential
o Top food sources of Iron: Animal liver, red meat, dark meat, fortified infant cereal
Direct Nutrition Interventions for Maternal Health
o Iron and Folic Acid (IFA)
o Multiple Micronutrients
o Balanced Protein Energy
Calcium
Nutrition Sensitive Interventions for Maternal Health
o Malaria o Deworming o Household food production strategies o Nutrition education and counseling o Family planning: age at first birth, birth spacing
Child Malnutrition
Global Burden: Child anemia
o Worldwide 273 million children are anemic (43%)
o Highest in South Asia and Central and West Africa
Prevalence of stunting among children <5 years of age
Among US children, Black and Latino children are more likely to be overweight/obese
Effective Interventions for Child Health
Breastfeeding, Direct Interventions
Direct Interventions for Child Health
o Zinc supplementation: Increased child height; reduce diarrhea by 13% and pneumonia by 19%
o Vitamin A supplementation: Reduce mortality by 24%
o Iron Supplementation: Reduce anemia by 49%
o Multiple micronutrient powders: reduced anemia by 31%
Nutrition Sensitive Interventions for Child Health
o Behavior change communication ♣ Nutrition education, breastfeeding/complementary feeding o Dietary modification/diversification ♣ Food pairings- vitamin c rich food ♣ Food modifications- fermentation, soaking o Increased access to high quality diets ♣ Bio-fortification of crops ♣ Kitchen gardens, animal production, ♣ Fortification o WASH o Malaria treatment and prevention o Deworming
