Antimicrobial Resistance

Question 1

What is the percentage of antibiotic use that is inappropriate?

Answer 1

Up to 50% is inappropriate

Question 2

How many deaths per year are due to AMR?

Answer 2

23,000 in US, 25,000 in Europe, 5,000 in Thailand

Question 3

What are the basic properties of antimicrobials?

Answer 3

Kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antiprotozoals

Question 4

What is the societal impact of AMR?

Answer 4

Infections caused by resistant (compared to susceptible) organisms increase length of hospital stay by 24% and increase costs by 29%

US: annual cost of antimicrobial resistance ~8 million additional hospital days ($21-34 billion)

Question 5

What are some stats on the creation of new antibiotics

Answer 5

Takes 800 million to create a new drug, antibiotic pipeline is dry

Question 6

What are antibiotic prescribing guidelines for healthcare providers?

Answer 6

Establish infection, test if possible, then give antibiotics, not followed due to pressure from patient/parents, fear of complications

Question 7

What are some novel therapies beyond antibiotics?

Answer 7

Boosting immune response
Modulating virulence
Biotherapy

Question 8

What are the stats on the use of antibiotics in livestock?

Answer 8

13,540,000 kgs of antibiotics are used on livestock