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HD 201 E2 > Maternal Adaptation: Musculoskeletal, Derma, CNS > Flashcards

Maternal Adaptation: Musculoskeletal, Derma, CNS Flashcards

1
Q

In what trimesters does the increase in MSH occur, causing hyperpigmentation?

A

2nd-3rd

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2
Q

Hormones that influence and promote the increase of MSH in the 2nd-3rd trimesters?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

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3
Q

Areas prone to riction

A

Axillae, Inner Thighs

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4
Q

Dermal Melanosis may persist up to how many years in 1/3 of women?

A

10 years

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5
Q

What form of hyperpigmentation may persist up to 10 years in 1/3 of women?

A

Dermal Melanosis

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6
Q

Linea Alba converts to what in pregnant women?

A

Linea Nigra

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7
Q

Diffuse macular hyperpigmentation of the face

A

Chloasma

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8
Q

In what instance other than in pregnancy can chloasma also be seen?

A

In women taking OCP

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9
Q

In how many % of women may chloasma persist for months or years post-partum?

A

30%

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10
Q

What kind of light aggravates chloasma?

A

UV Light

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11
Q

What do the topical treatments hydroxquinones, tretinon gel/cream, azelaic acid cream have in common?

A

treatment for persistent chloasma

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12
Q

True or False: increased melanin deposition causing new nevi are uncommon during pregnancy and therefore should be a cause for concern.

A

False

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13
Q

True or False: blood vessels dilate and proliferate during pregnancy

A

True

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14
Q

Nevus Araneus is also known as…?

A

Angioma

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15
Q

Blood vessel dilation and proliferation is caused by a significant increase in what hormone?

A

Estrogen (Hyperestrogenemia)

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16
Q

Common areas of angiomas/vascular spiders/telangiectasia

A

face, neck, upper chest, arms

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17
Q

Differentials of Angioma

A

liver disease, estrogen therapy, Normal Non-pregnant women

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18
Q

Treatment for persistent angioma

A

electrocoagulation

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19
Q

True or False: Angiomas mostly occur among African American women and in 10% Caucasian women

A

False

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20
Q

Consequence of hyperestrogenemia and hyperkinetic circulation (causes cyanosis and pallor); may also be genetically-predisposed

A

Palmar Erythema

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21
Q

Differentials of Palmar Erythema

A

liver disease, estrogen therapy

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22
Q

Liver disease and estrogen therapy may present as which signs and symptoms of pregnancy?

A

angioma and palmar erythema

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23
Q

Why the hell would women undergo estrogen therapy if it had so many damn side-effects??

A

Hypergonadism and hormonal replacement

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24
Q

Oral cavity changes during pregnancy

A

Gingivitis, Epulis, Pyogenic Granuloma

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25
Q

What condition is present in pregnant women inducing the swelling of gums?

A

Epulis

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26
Q

Another name for Pyogenic Granuloma

A

Granuloma Gravidarum

27
Q

How are edema and varicosities minimized in pregnant women?

A

Leg elevation and elastic stockings, avoid prolonged sitting or standing (keep moving)

28
Q

Which among the varicosities may rupture and cause profuse bleeding during delivery?

A

Vulvar varicosities

29
Q

Who are more prone to extreme connective tissue changes (aka striae gravidarum/”stretch marks”) during pregnancy?

A

Young women with a greater total weight gain

30
Q

Common sites of stretch marks

A

breasts and abdomen

31
Q

True or False: Stretch marks are linear tears in the EPIDERMAL connective tissue

A

False

32
Q

Is there a treatment or preventive measure for stretch marks?

A

No

33
Q

Slow hair growth stage (3-4 years)

A

Anagen

34
Q

Fastest hair growth stage

A

Telogen

35
Q

True or False: Rate of Telogen > Rate of Anagen during pregnancy

A

False

36
Q

What hormone prolongs anagen?

A

Estrogen

37
Q

What hormones cause enlargement of follicles in responding areas such as the face during pregnancy?

A

Androgens

38
Q

How many % of total scalp hair becomes telogenic post-partum due to hormone withdrawal?

A

35%

39
Q

When does telogen effluvium begin post-partum?

A

1-4 months after

40
Q

In how many months will hair be restored after telogen effluvium?

A

6-12 months without treatment

41
Q

What is hirsutism?

A

Abnormal hair growth on face and other parts of the body

42
Q

Hirsutism is influenced by which hormones?

A

Estrogen, androgens, prolactin, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones

43
Q

Differential of hirsutism

A

adrenal tumor

44
Q

Origins of androgens affecting pilosebaceous unit causing hirsutism?

A

ovarian and placental

45
Q

Condition wherein a brown pigment stripe may appear on the nail

A

Melanonychia

46
Q

Exaggerated lumbar lordosis, anterior neck flexion, and slumping of shoulder girdle can cause traction to which nerves?

A

Ulnar, median, radial (main brachial nerves)

47
Q

How to manage back pain due to exaggerated lumbar lordosis

A

avoid prolonged standing

48
Q

Which joints increase in mobility and flexibility during late pregnancy?

A

sacroiliac, sacrococcygeal, pubic joints

49
Q

Condition when rectus muscle is split and movements of the baby can be seen on the abdomen

A

Diastesis Recti

50
Q

CNS aspects affected by pregnancy

A

attention, concentration, memory

51
Q

What lab test is used to measure cerebral blood flow in pregnant women?

A

MRI

52
Q

There is a transient decrease in CBF in which trimester?

A

3rd

53
Q

True or False: CBF increases in the 3rd trimester?

A

False. It decreases (transient event)

54
Q

When do sleep problems start in pregnant women?

A

12 weeks AOG

55
Q

Sleep problems in pregnant women end at approximately when?

A

2 months post-partum

56
Q

True or False: sleep apnea increases during pregnancy

A

False. It decreases along with frequency of sleep.

57
Q

True or false: Intraocular pressure increases during pregnancy due to increased vitreous flow

A

False. It DECREASES, and so does corneal sensitivity-affecting vision (brown spots may be seen on the cornea)

58
Q

True or False: Corneal thickness increases during pregnancy

A

True

59
Q

Bwornish-Red opacities on the posterior surface of the cornea

A

Krukenberg Spindles

60
Q

True or False: Visual accommodation and function are affected by pregnancy

A

False. Only visual accommodation is affected

61
Q

Mean blood flow is affected in which cerebral arteries in the 3rd trimester?

A

PCA and MCA

62
Q

What causes decreased PCA and MCA blood flow in the brain during pregnancy?

A

Shuttling of blood to uterus

63
Q

True or False: Blood is shuttled to the fetus, and this causes a transient decrease in CBF in the 3rd trimester.

A

False. Blood is shuttled to the UTERUS.

HD 201 E2 (5 decks)

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