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HD 201 E2 > Maternal Adaptation: Musculoskeletal, Derma, CNS > Flashcards

Maternal Adaptation: Musculoskeletal, Derma, CNS Flashcards

1
Q

In what trimesters does the increase in MSH occur, causing hyperpigmentation?

A

2nd-3rd

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2
Q

Hormones that influence and promote the increase of MSH in the 2nd-3rd trimesters?

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

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3
Q

Areas prone to riction

A

Axillae, Inner Thighs

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4
Q

Dermal Melanosis may persist up to how many years in 1/3 of women?

A

10 years

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5
Q

What form of hyperpigmentation may persist up to 10 years in 1/3 of women?

A

Dermal Melanosis

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6
Q

Linea Alba converts to what in pregnant women?

A

Linea Nigra

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7
Q

Diffuse macular hyperpigmentation of the face

A

Chloasma

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8
Q

In what instance other than in pregnancy can chloasma also be seen?

A

In women taking OCP

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9
Q

In how many % of women may chloasma persist for months or years post-partum?

A

30%

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10
Q

What kind of light aggravates chloasma?

A

UV Light

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11
Q

What do the topical treatments hydroxquinones, tretinon gel/cream, azelaic acid cream have in common?

A

treatment for persistent chloasma

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12
Q

True or False: increased melanin deposition causing new nevi are uncommon during pregnancy and therefore should be a cause for concern.

A

False

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13
Q

True or False: blood vessels dilate and proliferate during pregnancy

A

True

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14
Q

Nevus Araneus is also known as…?

A

Angioma

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15
Q

Blood vessel dilation and proliferation is caused by a significant increase in what hormone?

A

Estrogen (Hyperestrogenemia)

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16
Q

Common areas of angiomas/vascular spiders/telangiectasia

A

face, neck, upper chest, arms

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17
Q

Differentials of Angioma

A

liver disease, estrogen therapy, Normal Non-pregnant women

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18
Q

Treatment for persistent angioma

A

electrocoagulation

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19
Q

True or False: Angiomas mostly occur among African American women and in 10% Caucasian women

A

False

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20
Q

Consequence of hyperestrogenemia and hyperkinetic circulation (causes cyanosis and pallor); may also be genetically-predisposed

A

Palmar Erythema

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21
Q

Differentials of Palmar Erythema

A

liver disease, estrogen therapy

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22
Q

Liver disease and estrogen therapy may present as which signs and symptoms of pregnancy?

A

angioma and palmar erythema

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23
Q

Why the hell would women undergo estrogen therapy if it had so many damn side-effects??

A

Hypergonadism and hormonal replacement

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24
Q

Oral cavity changes during pregnancy

A

Gingivitis, Epulis, Pyogenic Granuloma

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25
What condition is present in pregnant women inducing the swelling of gums?
Epulis
26
Another name for Pyogenic Granuloma
Granuloma Gravidarum
27
How are edema and varicosities minimized in pregnant women?
Leg elevation and elastic stockings, avoid prolonged sitting or standing (keep moving)
28
Which among the varicosities may rupture and cause profuse bleeding during delivery?
Vulvar varicosities
29
Who are more prone to extreme connective tissue changes (aka striae gravidarum/"stretch marks") during pregnancy?
Young women with a greater total weight gain
30
Common sites of stretch marks
breasts and abdomen
31
True or False: Stretch marks are linear tears in the EPIDERMAL connective tissue
False
32
Is there a treatment or preventive measure for stretch marks?
No
33
Slow hair growth stage (3-4 years)
Anagen
34
Fastest hair growth stage
Telogen
35
True or False: Rate of Telogen > Rate of Anagen during pregnancy
False
36
What hormone prolongs anagen?
Estrogen
37
What hormones cause enlargement of follicles in responding areas such as the face during pregnancy?
Androgens
38
How many % of total scalp hair becomes telogenic post-partum due to hormone withdrawal?
35%
39
When does telogen effluvium begin post-partum?
1-4 months after
40
In how many months will hair be restored after telogen effluvium?
6-12 months without treatment
41
What is hirsutism?
Abnormal hair growth on face and other parts of the body
42
Hirsutism is influenced by which hormones?
Estrogen, androgens, prolactin, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones
43
Differential of hirsutism
adrenal tumor
44
Origins of androgens affecting pilosebaceous unit causing hirsutism?
ovarian and placental
45
Condition wherein a brown pigment stripe may appear on the nail
Melanonychia
46
Exaggerated lumbar lordosis, anterior neck flexion, and slumping of shoulder girdle can cause traction to which nerves?
Ulnar, median, radial (main brachial nerves)
47
How to manage back pain due to exaggerated lumbar lordosis
avoid prolonged standing
48
Which joints increase in mobility and flexibility during late pregnancy?
sacroiliac, sacrococcygeal, pubic joints
49
Condition when rectus muscle is split and movements of the baby can be seen on the abdomen
Diastesis Recti
50
CNS aspects affected by pregnancy
attention, concentration, memory
51
What lab test is used to measure cerebral blood flow in pregnant women?
MRI
52
There is a transient decrease in CBF in which trimester?
3rd
53
True or False: CBF increases in the 3rd trimester?
False. It decreases (transient event)
54
When do sleep problems start in pregnant women?
12 weeks AOG
55
Sleep problems in pregnant women end at approximately when?
2 months post-partum
56
True or False: sleep apnea increases during pregnancy
False. It decreases along with frequency of sleep.
57
True or false: Intraocular pressure increases during pregnancy due to increased vitreous flow
False. It DECREASES, and so does corneal sensitivity-affecting vision (brown spots may be seen on the cornea)
58
True or False: Corneal thickness increases during pregnancy
True
59
Bwornish-Red opacities on the posterior surface of the cornea
Krukenberg Spindles
60
True or False: Visual accommodation and function are affected by pregnancy
False. Only visual accommodation is affected
61
Mean blood flow is affected in which cerebral arteries in the 3rd trimester?
PCA and MCA
62
What causes decreased PCA and MCA blood flow in the brain during pregnancy?
Shuttling of blood to uterus
63
True or False: Blood is shuttled to the fetus, and this causes a transient decrease in CBF in the 3rd trimester.
False. Blood is shuttled to the UTERUS.

HD 201 E2 (5 decks)

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