Materials: Wood

Question 1

Classification of wood:
Hardwood; Wood from a _______ tree, its ______ growing and _______ its ______in winter.
Softwood; Wood from a ________ tree, its ______ growing and _______ .
Manufactured Board; A ___-___, ____-____, ______-material, available in _____sheets.
- typical size of MB (1220mm * 2440mm)

Answer 1

Classification of wood:
Hardwood; Wood from a deciduous tree, its slow growing and loses its leaves in winter.
Softwood; Wood from a coniferous tree, its fast growing and evergreen.
Manufactured Board; A man-made, wood-base, composite material, available in large sheets.

Question 2

Stock forms of timber:

• Ro____ S__; the ____ comes di____ from sea______ and has ro____ ________, it has no_____ _____ and is the ch_______.
• Pl______ Sq_____ E_____; [PSE], the ____ has only o__ ____ pl_____ accurately, it re_____ about _mm.
• Pl____ _ll R_____; [PAR], ______ has been pl____ all ______, leaving a l____ sm_____ s______, the PAR board is __m smaller than the ro____ s__ and it is the most ex_____.

Answer 2

Stock forms of timber:

• Rough Saw; the wood comes direct from seasoning and has rough surfaces, it has nominal sizes and is the cheapest.
• Planed Square Edge; [PSE], the wood has only one edged planed accurately, it removes about 3mm.
• Planed All Round; [PAR], wood has been planed all around, leaving a level smooth surface, the PAR board is 3mm smaller than the rough saw and it is the most expensive.

Question 3

Characteristics of Wood:

• ____ in the _______ of the ______ and _____ _____ the _____.
• ________ to _______ the excess _______ , __ to __per cent.
• seasoned; used to ______ _______ such as ______ , warping, ____, etc.

Answer 3

Characteristics of Wood:

• strong in the direction of the grain and weak across the grain.
• seasoned to remove the excess moisture, 80 to 90 per cent.
• seasoned; used to prevent defects such as twisting, warping, cracks, etc.

Question 4

Air Seasoning:

• traditional and __________.
• wood _____ in a ________ outside, protected from the ____.
• a ______ process, may take up to a ______.
• this wood is _____ for ________ products.

Answer 4

Air Seasoning:

• traditional and inexpensive.
• wood stack in a shelter outside, protected from the rain.
• a slow process, may take up to a year.
• this wood is used for outdoor products.

Question 5

Kiln Seasoning:

• ______, use of ______ to control ________ and ______ levels.
• the wood is _______ in _______.
• it is initially ______ in the kiln then _______ _____ and ____.
• a ____ process, may take a few ____.
• the wood is _____ for ______ products.

Answer 5

Kiln Seasoning:

• expensive, use of machinery to control temperatures and humidity levels.
• the wood is stacked in trolleys.
• it is initially steamed in the kiln then becomes hotter and drier.
• a quick process, may take a few weeks.
• the wood is used for indoor products.

Question 6

Advantages of seasoning:

• gives _______ _______ to ______ and increases _______ to __.
• increases _______ and _______.
• helps _________ to penetrates.

Answer 6

Advantages of seasoning:
- gives greater immunity to decay and increases resistance to rot.
- increases strengths and stability.
helps preservative to penetrates.

Question 7

Hardwood:

• Oak; h____, t______, a_________ _____, good w_________ r_________. Will c_______ steel screws. ___ni____, fl______, _____building, ___dd____.
• Ash; t______, a_______ open ______, fl______. Tool h_______, la____, s_____goods.
• Mahogany; can contain in________ grains making it ______ to ______with, rich dark red color. In______ fu______, shop f_______ and c_____, v_____ used in manufactured board.

Answer 7

Hardwood:

• Oak; hard, tough, attractive grain, good weather resistance. Will corrode steel screws. Furniture, flooring, boat building, cladding.
• Ash; tough, attractive open grain, flexible. Tool handle, ladders, spots goods.
• Mahogany; can contain interlocking grains making it harder to work with, rich dark red color. Indoor furniture, shop fitting and cabinets, veneers used in manufactured board.

Question 8

Hardwood:

• Teak; h_____, t____, s_______ _____, natural _____ resists m______. Ot_______ f______, laboratory ______ and tra_______ boat d______.
• Birch; h_____, s_______ close ______, re_____ w____. F_____, in_____ __ne____, ve______ used for plywood c_______.
• Beech; t____, cl___ grain, av_______ in w____ or p_____ color. C___ , ____pp____ ______, tools, st____ _____ lam______ boards.

Answer 8

Hardwood:

• Teak; hard, tough, straight grain, natural oils resists moisture. Outdoor furniture, laboratory benches and traditional boat decks.
• Birch; hard, straight close grain, resists warping. Furniture, indoor paneling, veneers used for plywood construction.
• Beech; tough, closed grain, available in white or pink color. Chairs, chopping boards, tools, steam bent laminated boards.

Question 9

Softwood:

• P___; St_____ g____. kn____, can contain ________ knot. Con_______ work, _____beams and ____ frame.
• S____; St_____ ___, resistance to sp______. Indoor fu_______.
• D_____ fir; St_____ or sli______ ____ grain, few _____, stable, good re_______ to co______. V______, pl_______ construction, _____.
• L_____; H___, t____, attractive _____, fades to si____ upon ex_____ to ox______. _____ furniture, cla_____, dec_____and fe_____.
• C____; st_____ _____, can co_____ fer_____ metals, low de______, good ______ dam_____, ___ and ins_____ resistance. ex_____ cla_____ , ____, gre___h___, bee_____.

Answer 9

Softwood:

• Pine; Straight grain. knotty, can contain resinous knot. Construction work, roof beams and timber frame.
• Spruce; Straight grain, resistance to splitting. Indoor furniture.
• Douglas fir; Straight or slightly wavy grain, few knots, stable, good resistance to corrosion. Veneers, plywood construction, joinery.
• Larch; Hard, tough, attractive grain, fades to silver upon exposure to oxygen. garden furniture, cladding, decking and fencing.
• Cedar; Straight grain, can corrode ferrous metals, low density, good sound damping, rot and insect resistance. exterior cladding, sheds greenhouse, beehives.

Question 10

Manufactured Boards:

• Pl_______; ____ l_____ of wood placed and glued together at __ de______ to one another, good str____ on all di_______, no ____ wea______, always an ___ number of la_____. st______ ____, des_____, in____ _______, flo_______.
• M_____ Pl_____; similar to plywood but is ___ and ____ free, uses spe_____ w____ and ____-_____ glue to provide re_______ to mo_____. bo___ das______ , boat lo____, pa_____.
• Ae_____; plywood made from h____-q____ timber, available in ____ t___ sh____, l____w___, easy to b____ around a support beam. gl____, la____ fur_____, laser-cut projects, jewellery.

Answer 10

Manufactured Boards:

• plywood; thin layers of wood placed and glued together at 90 degrees to one another, good strength on all directions, no grain weakness, always an odd number of layers. structural work, desktops, indoor furniture, floorboards.
• Marine Plywood; similar to plywood but is gap and void free, uses specialist water and boil-proof glue to provide resistance to moisture. boat dashboard, boat lockers, panelling.
• Aeroply; plywood made from high-quality timber, available in very thin sheets, lightweight, easy to bend around a support beam. gliders, laminated furniture, laser-cut projects, jewellery.

Question 11

Manufactured Boards:

• Fl_____ Pl_______; an odd number of layers glued together with the ou____ _____ made from o___ _____ timber, allowing the sheet to ___, bent and glued around a former to achieve a solid shape. lam______ fur_____, ______ ______.
• Ch______; wood _______ compressed with _____ such ____ for________. ______ ______, ______ and ____ ____ fur_____.
• ___; compressed wood ______, urea formaldehyde is sometimes added. it has ____ s_____ su_______, available in ________ grade or ________. ______ or ______ making, fur______ items like a boo______, _______ and _____.

Answer 11

Manufactured Boards:

• Flexible Plywood; an odd number of layers glued together with the outer layers made from open grain timber, allowing the sheet to flex, bent and glued around a former to achieve a solid shape. laminated furniture, curved panels.
• Chipboard; wood chips compressed with resin such urea formaldehyde. kitchen worktops, shelving and flat pack furniture.
• MDF; compressed wood fibres, urea formaldehyde is sometimes added. it has two smooth surfaces, available in standard grade or veneered. model or mould making, furniture items like a bookcase, cabinets and desks.