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Dental Materials > Materials Science > Flashcards

Materials Science Flashcards

1
Q

Force

A

One body interacting with another generates force, causes deformation

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2
Q

Max occlusal force range

A

200-3500 N

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3
Q

Average force on bicuspids, cuspinds, incisors

A

300, 200, 150 N

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4
Q

Child’s occlusal force

A

235-400 N, avg. yearly increase of 22 N

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5
Q

Forces on partial dentures

A

65-235 N

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6
Q

Forces on complete dentures

A

100 N molars and bicuspids, 40 N incisors

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7
Q

Stress

A

= Force/Area. Internal reaction of force resisted by the body. Units are mega Pascals (MPa)

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8
Q

Tension

A

Form of stress, two forces directed away from each other in a straight line

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9
Q

Compression

A

Form of stress, two forces directed toward each other in a straight line

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10
Q

Shear stress

A

Two sets of forces paralell to each other but not along the same straight line

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11
Q

Torsion

A

Stress that results from the twisting of a body

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12
Q

Bending/Flexural Stress

A

Stress that results from bending (like in a dental bridge)

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13
Q

Strain

A

= Deformation/Original Length. Deformation of a body caused by stress, reported as a percentage.

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14
Q

Stress-strain curve

A

Graphing Strain along X axis, Stress along Y axis. Must be compared among items of the same material and dimensions, though not necessarily the same shape.

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15
Q

Proportional Limit

A

Amount of stress beyond which deformation is permanent and marks the limit of elastic deformation.

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16
Q

Elastic limit

A

Maximum stress that a material will withstand without exhibiting further (more drastic) permanent deformation. Often coincides with proportional limit, unless material is Superelastic.

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17
Q

Yield Strength

A

Stress at which materials begin to function in an aplastic manner. (Begin to break down)

18
Q

Ultimate Tensile/Compressive Strength

A

Maximum stress a material can withstand in tension/compression before failure

19
Q
A

A: Proportional Limit (PL)

B: Elastic Limit (EL)

C: Yield Strength/Ultimate Tensile Stress

D: Failure Point (FP)

20
Q

Fracture Stress

A

Point at which a brittle material fractures. If a material does not fracture, they will inlongate “necking”

21
Q

Elongation

A

= Increase in length/Original Length. Deformation as a result of the application of tensile force. Reported as %.

22
Q

Elastic Modulus

A

= Stress/Strain. Measure of elasticity, stiffness of a material within the elastic range. Slope of the Stress-strain curve.

23
Q

Poisson’s Ratio

A

During axial loading in tension or compression there is simultaneous strain in the axial and transverse/lateral directions. (If you stretch something out it gets skinny in the middle. If you squish something it gets fat in the middle.)

24
Q

Ductility

A

Ability to be drawn and shaped into a wire by tension.

25
Q

Malleability

A

Ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without fracturing.

26
Q

Resilience

A

Resistance to permanent deformation. Indicates amount of energy necessary to deform to the PL.

27
Q

Toughness

A

Resistance to fracture. Indicates amount of energy necessary to cause fracture.

28
Q

Fracture Toughness (Kic)

A

The amount of energy required for fracture. Energy consumed in plastic deformation.

29
Q

Stiff/Flexible

A

Stiff: Will strain (deform) little with a large increase in stress.

Flexible: Will strain much with a large increase in stress.

30
Q

Brittle/Ductile

A

Brittle: Brittle materials will fracture at the fracture stress.

Ductile: Ductile materials will continue to deform beyond the fracture stress.

31
Q

Strong/Weak

A

Strong: Strong materials have high PLs

Weak: Weak materials have low PLs

32
Q

Viscoelasticity

A

Mechanical properties depend on the loading rate and have both viscous and elastic behavior.

33
Q

Viscosity

A

Resistance of a fluid to flow. Fluid traits.

34
Q

Color

A

Objective analysis of the physical stimulus of a beam of light.

35
Q

Hue

A

Wavelength of light producing different colors. 400 nm Violet > Blue > Green > Yellow > Orange > Red 700 nm

36
Q

Value

A

Quality of lightness or darkness. Black has low value, white has high value.

37
Q

Chroma

A

Quality of a color’s purity, intensity, saturation.

38
Q

Metamerism

A

Metameric colors appear different under different lights because of different spectral energy distributions.

39
Q

Fluorescence

A

Emmision of luminous energy by a material when a beam of light is shone on it.

40
Q

Opacity

A

Property of material that prevents the passage of light.

41
Q

Translucency

A

Property that permits passage of light, but disperses the light so objects cannot be seen through the material.

42
Q

Opalescence

A

Materials that scatter shorter wavelengths of light (shine like an opal)

Dental Materials (4 decks)

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