Dental Materials, Oral Environ., Tissues

Question 1

Classifications of Materials

Answer 1

Preventative materials, Restorative materials, Auxiliary materials, Biomaterials

Question 2

Preventative dental materials

Answer 2

Slow or prevent the onset and progression of disease. Ex.) Pit and fissure sealants,cements, fluoride, etc.

Question 3

Restorative dental materials

Answer 3

Repair or replace damaged or missing tooth structure. Direct, indirect, or temporary (provisional)

Question 4

Direct restorative dental materials

Answer 4

Placed, formed, contoured, finished intraorally. Ex.) Dental amalgam and dental composite

Question 5

Indirect restorative dental materials

Answer 5

Fabricated extraorally. Ex.) Crowns, ceramic veneers, etc.

Question 6

Temporary (provisional) materials

Answer 6

Restore teeth for a short period of time while definitive restoration is fabricated

Question 7

Auxiliary dental materials

Answer 7

Everything else. Stone, wax, impression, finishing abrasives, etc.

Question 8

Biomaterials

Answer 8

Material that interacts with biological systems

Question 9

Tissue engineering

Answer 9

Repairs tissues. Injection of cells, guided tissue regeneration, cell induction, scaffolds

Question 10

Ideal Dental Materials

Answer 10

Biocompatible, bond permanently, match natural appearance, exhibit similar properties to natural tissues, capable of initiating tissue repair

Question 11

Research Trends

Answer 11

People are living longer, want lifelike replacement options, want esthetic outcomes, shorter treatment times

Question 12

Calcified tissues

Answer 12

Enamel, dentin, cementum, formed from Collagen type 1 reinforced with Hydroxyapatite (HA), a calcium phosphate mineral

Question 13

Enamel

Answer 13

Forms anatomic crown, joins dentin at dentinoenamel junction, formed by ameloblasts, made of hexagonal crystals, most highly calcified tissue in the body

Question 14

Enamel structure

Answer 14

Prisms surrounded with inter-rod enamel that allows flow of water and ions

Question 15

Etching

Answer 15

Phosphoric acid used to expose enamel prisms, produces a bondable surface area and cleans area of debris

Question 16

Fluoroapatite

Answer 16

Fluoride binds in place of OH on HA and become stronger material

Question 17

Dentin

Answer 17

Complex hydrated composite structure, forms majority of tooth. Modified by aging, disease, etc. Peritubular (intertubular) dentin surrounds tubules, intratubular dentin is in between tubules. Primary dentin formed by odontoblasts before eruption, secondary dentin formed by obs after eruption. Tertiary dentin formed as localized repair, transparent dentin formed after trauma, often occludes tubules

Question 18

Odontogenesis

Answer 18

Development of teeth and supporting structures from embryonic tissues

Question 19

Odontoblasts

Answer 19

Cells that form dentin, moves downward from DEJ, forming tubules. Odontoblastic processes project into tubules of dentin in fully formed teeth. Respond to stimuli as pain

Question 20

Plaque

Answer 20

Oral biofilm on teeth and restorative materials

Question 21

Biofilm formation

Answer 21

Salivary pellicle deposited on teeth, becomes acquired pellicle. Pellicle contains glycoproteins and receptors that bind to planktonic bacteria (streptococci). Other bacteria bind to strep, forming a living film.