Materials Revolution

Question 0

What is the structure of amines?

Answer 0

Same as ammonia but one or more of the hydrogens is substituted for an alkyl group.

Question 1

what is the structure of ammonia?

Answer 1

3 hydrogen atoms bonded to a central nitrogen atom- lone pair on N

Question 2

What properties is the lone pair on the nitrogen in amines responsible for?

Answer 2

they can act as bases, nucleophiles, ligands

Question 3

What is a secondary amine?

Answer 3

Where the nitrogen atom is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups

Question 4

what is an aryl group?

Answer 4

a benzene ring with one hydrogen substituted eg phenyl, C6H5 -

Question 5

Name this amine:

CH3CH(NH2)CH3

Answer 5

2-propylamine

Question 6

Name this amine:

C6H5NH2

Answer 6

phenylamine

Question 7

What happens when amines dissolve in water and why?

Answer 7

they form weakly alkaline solutions as they are bases

Question 8

What can amines accept a hydrogen ion from?

Answer 8

water/ an acid

Question 9

What is formed when a primary amine reacts with a halogenoalkane?
What is the amine acting as?

Answer 9

A secondary amine

A nucleophile

Question 10

when hydrogen atoms on an amine are replaced by alkyl groups what type of reaction is this?

Answer 10

An alkylation reaction

Question 11

What type of reaction do amines undergo with acyl chlorides?
What is the product?

Answer 11

An acylation reaction, forming a secondary amide.

Question 12

what is the general formula of a primary amide?

Answer 12

R group, NH2 group and =O bonded to a carbon

Question 13

What is different about a secondary amide?

Answer 13

One of the H groups on the nitrogen is substituted for an R group

Question 14

what bond is broken when amides are hydrolysed?

Answer 14

The C-N bond

Question 15

what are the products of acid hydrolysis of amides?

Answer 15

a carboxylic acid and an alkyl ammonium ion

Question 16

what are the products of alkaline hydrolysis?

Answer 16

a carboxylate anion and an amine

Question 17

What happens in condensation polymerisation?

Answer 17

Two monomers join together to form a condensation polymer and a small molecule such as water or HCl is eliminated.

Question 18

What must monomers have to form a condensation polymer?

Answer 18

reactive groups at each end

Question 19

what are crystalline regions and when is there a higher percentage of them?

Answer 19

Parallel strands packed close together that make the polymer stiffer
when it is cooled

Question 20

what are amorphous regions?

Answer 20

Randomly arranged chains that make it more flexible

Question 21

What is the glass transition temperature?

Answer 21

when a polymer is cooled this is reached and it becomes brittle and glass like

Question 22

what imf are between polyesters?

Answer 22

pd-pd

Question 23

what imf are between polyamides/nylons?

Answer 23

hydrogen bonds

Question 24

what does copolymerisation do?

Answer 24

adds side groups which pushes chains apart and lowers Tg

Question 25

what do plasticisers do?

Answer 25

allow chains to slide over each other easily lowering Tg

Question 26

how does cold drawing make polymers stronger?

Answer 26

as its stretched a neck forms where chains are aligned so more imf can form

Question 27

what are 3 types of degradable plastics?

Answer 27

biopolymers, synthetic biodegradable plastics, photodegradable plastics