Materials of Roman Architecture

Question 1

What is Tufa made of?

Answer 1

Volcanic mud, ash and Pumice

Question 2

Where was Travertine found?

Answer 2

20km East of Rome

Question 3

How was the stone from Gabii used?

Answer 3

In the forum of Augustus and in the reconstruction of Rome after the great fire in 64AD.

Question 4

What did Travertine look like?

Answer 4

Creamy and lightly pitted surface

Question 5

What happened when Travertine was exposed to air?

Answer 5

It hardened

Question 6

How many tonnes of Travertine was used in the construction of the Colosseum (approx.)?

Answer 6

200.000 tonnes

Question 7

Where was white marble quarried?

Answer 7

Carrara

Question 8

Where was white marble used?

Answer 8

forum of Augustus and Macellum (in Pompeii)

Question 9

Which 3 countries did coloured marble come from?

Answer 9

Turkey, Greece and Africa

Question 10

Which marble came from near the Red Sea?

Answer 10

Porphyry

Question 11

Which colour marbles may have been used in Rome?

Answer 11

Yellow, Greens, Greys and shades of Red

Question 12

What 3 types of walls were used throughout time in Rome?

Answer 12

Opus incertum, Opus recitculatum and opus testaceum

Question 13

What did aggregate consist of?

Answer 13

Rubble

Question 14

What was the roof of the Pantheon reconstructed of?

Answer 14

Foundation ring- heavy stones

dome- pumice

Question 15

What did mortar consist of?

Answer 15

Lime, Sand and water

Question 16

How was mortar made?

Answer 16

Lime. sand and water mixed then evaporated the moisture.

Question 17

In which city was mortar made of lime sand and water used in 273BC?

Answer 17

Cosa

Question 18

What replaced sand in the mortar to be used in harbour works and why?

Answer 18

Pozzolna (volcanic dust) and because the water did not need to be evaporated to make it cohesive.

Question 19

What is an example of a city in which harbour were made using mortar containing pozzolna?

Answer 19

Ostia

Question 20

Descrive how the was the Porticus Aemilia made and what was it used for?

Answer 20

Consisted of a series of barrel vaults set side by side and stepped up from front to back and provided large space to transfer and store goods.