Materials Of Decoration Flashcards
Cotton fabric with a printed design of white and a contrasting color
Bandanna
A rib weave, usually done on a minute brick fashion, giving a pebbly appearance. A granular texture is achieved by the short broken weaves in the filling direction. Usually made of silk, worsted wool, synthetic fibers or a combination of these. It is a rich, soft-looking fine fabric, english in origin, and originally mades as a mourning cloth
Barathea
Fabric made from or created to simulate the bark of tress. Usually made from cotton and is textured, it was popular in the 30s-40s. Often printed with large vines, leaves and florals, this fabric is used extensively fro draperies, slipcovers, and other home furnishings
Bark Cloth
A fine, medium-weight, soft, semi-sheer, smooth fabric, usually made of cotton or cotton blends. It is named for Jean Baptiste, a french linen weaver. Resembles nainsook, but is finer and almost transparent
Batiste
This refers to any style that has beads embroidered into the design. Beading can be done at the time the fabric is made or can be re-embroidered after the fabric is made
Beaded Fabric
A cord cotton-like fabric with raised ridges in the lengthwise direction. Since the fabric has a high strength and a high durability, it is often used for upholstery and work clothes
Bedford Cord
A sturdy warp-faced fabric with pronounced cross-wise ribs formed by bulky and coarse pile yarns or rubber threads. Can be made of silk, wool, acetate, or rayon warp, with wool or cotton filling. It originated in Bengal, India, and is used for dresses, coats, trimmings, and draperies
Bengaline
This is made when the yarn that is knitted into fabric is brushed with wire brushes to pull the material together and to fluff it up. The resulting end fabric has a looped, soft pile, with large air pockets which serves to improve the insulating properties of the fabric. Often compared to fur because of its soft texture, it is very lightweight and warm
Berber Fleece
Has a small geometric pattern with a center dot resembling a bird’s eye. It is woven on a dobby loom, with heavier filling yarns that are loosely twisted to make the material more absorbent
Birdseye
Two or more fabric layers held together with adhesive or a fusible layer
Bonded
is the French word for buckled, ringed, or curled. The fabric was so named because it has a ring appearance, formed by drawn-out loop yarns on the face of the goods, thereby giving it a kinky appearance at intervals
Boucle
A twill weave that originated in France. The yarns are interspersed with nubs, giving the material a dull nubbed surface effect
Bourette
A tightly woven plain weave with a crosswise rib. It was originally a silk shirting fabric, so named because it was woven in widths exceeding the usual twenty-nine inches. It is a dressy fabric and must be handled with care, form fitting and drapes well
Broadcloth
Carpet woven on widths of six, nine, twelve, fifteen and eighteen feet
Broadloom
A rich Jacquard woven fabric of an all-over interwoven design of raised figures of flowers with the pattern emphasized by contrasting surfaces or colors, of which all are done in low relief. The name was derived from the French word meaning ornament. Common end uses include such formal applications as upholstery, draperies and evening wear
Brocade
A tightly woven Jacquard fabric with a warp effect in the figure, which is raised to give a puffed appearance, The puff effect is created by several kinds of fillings, tension-weaving of a linen or nylon that shrinks after the heating process
Brocatelle
A ply yarn scrim fabric with a stiff finish. Usually used for interlinings in garments. It was named for Bokhara, in the southwest U.S.S.R., where it was first made,
Buckram
A natural textile made from the pulp of the bamboo grass. Sustainable textile fiber. It is light and strong, has excellent wicking properties, and is to some extent antibacterial
Bamboo Fabric
A twill weave cotton denim fabric that is soft but tough as nails. It is durable and heavier than regular denim. It takes dyes well with very good results. Not stiff like canvas
Bull Denim
A plain weave coarse fabric usually made from jute or hemp. Generally used as a carpet backing, and as inexpensive packaging for sacks of grain or rice.
Burlap, Gunny
A plain, closely woven, inexpensive cloth, with an all-over print, usually of a small floral pattern which is discharge or resist printed onto a white or contrasting background color. The colors are not always fast. It originated in Calcutta, India, and is one of the oldest cotton staples on the market
Calico
A soft, white, closely woven cotton fabric calendered on the right side to produce a slight gloss. Known to launder very well, has good body, sews and finishes well. It was originally made in Cambrai, France
Cambric
The face is a twill, with a soft and loosely twisted filling yarn, which is later brushed to produce a soft nap at the back. It is heavy, warm, strong and absorbent, named for Canton, China where it was first made. Generally used in linings and interlinings, garments, coverings.
Canton Flannel
Has an even weave that is heavy and firm for industrial or heavy duty purposes. It is used for clothing but formerly much used for tents and sails. Mostly a rugged, and heavy material made from plyed yarns.
Canvas
One of the softest fabrics made. It is very lightweight, with a soft plain weave fabric with a slightly brushed surface. This is usually is printed with a delicate floral pattern. It was named from the Anglo-Indian term shalee, meaning soft. Most often seen in fabrics made from cotton, wool, or rayon
Challis
A plain weave fabric most commonly made from cotton fibers, with colored warp, often blue and white filling that gives a mottled colored surface
Chambray
A fabric woven from chenille yarns and has a fuzzy pile. It is named for the french word meaning caterpillar. This is used mainly for decorative fabrics, embroidery, tassels, and rugs.
Chenille
A thin, diaphanous, or gauzelike, soft, flimsy fabric, but is strong despite its filmy look. It wears very well and is very difficult to handle
Chiffon
A glazed cotton fabric often printed with bright figures and large flower designs. Some glazes wash out during the laundering, but resin glaze will withstand washing or dry-cleaning. It was named from the Hindu word meaning spotted.
Chintz
An unglazed chintz
Cretonne
Fabrics that have been coated with a lacquer, varnish, rubber, plastic resins of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene, or other substance to make the longer lasting or impervious to water to water or other liquids
Coated
A cut pile cloth with narrow to wide wales that run in the warp direction of the goods. An extra set of filling yarns make the pile and the back is a plain twill weave. Of all the cotton fabrics, this is the warmest because the wales form an insulated cushion of air
Corduroy
A lightweight fabric characterized by a crinkly surface produced by hard twisting yarns, chemical treatment, weave, or embossing. It has a very good wearing qualities and has a very slimming effect
Crepe
Chain stitch embroidery made with a fine, loosely-twisted, two-ply worsted yarn on a plain weave cotton fabric. Done by hand, for the most part, in the Kashmir province of India and in England. Most designs are outlines of flowers, vines or leaves
Crewel
A fabric with an uneven surface, created by use of caustic soda that causes it to shrink unevenly.
Crinkle
A lightweight, plain weave, stiffened fabric with a low yarn count
Crushed
Any velvet with an irregular pattern of nap going in different directions. The pattern gives the fabric a crushed or rumpled appearance
Crushed Velvet
A firm, glossy, Jacquard patterned fabric similar to brocade but flatter and reversible. It was first brought to the Western world by Marco Polo from Damascus. It is a very durable fabric, launders well and holds a high luster
Damask
A rugged, serviceable, staple cotton cloth recognized by left-hand twill on the surface. Its name is derived from the french and was originally used for work clothes
Denim
A thin, sheer cloth in which cords or stripes may be woven into the fabric. It is easy to manipulate and launders easily and well. Has a crisp texture which remains fairly well after washing
Dimity
A sheer fabric embellished with small dot motifs that may vary in color. It originated in Saint Galen, Switzerland
Dotted Swiss
A closely woven, heavy material, and the most durable fabric made, according to the textile industry. The fabric used is usually made of cotton. There are many kinds, but the heavier weights are already called canvas
Duck
A ribbed cloth with a crosswise rib effect. It is soft and belongs to the grosgrain family
Faille
A compact, matted woolen material. The name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word meaning to filter. Usually made of wool or fur often mixed with natural or synthetic fibers
Felt
Printed or woven fabric featuring a jagged, undulating, flame-like, multi-colored pattern
Flame Stitch
A medium-weight, plain or twill weave fabric that is typically made from cotton, a cotton blend, or a wool. The fabric has a very soft hand, brushed on both sides to lift the fiber ends out of the base fabric and create a soft, fuzzy surface
Flannel
A medium-weight, plain weave fabric with a soft hand, usually made from cotton. The fabric is usually brushed only on one side, and is lighter weight than flannel
Flannelette
A type of raised decoration applied to the surface of a fabric in which an adhesive is printed on the fabric in a specific pattern, and then finely chopped fibers are applied by means of dusting, air-brushing, or electrostatic charges. The fiber adhere only to the areas where the adhesive has been applied, and the excess fibers are removed by mechanical means
Flocked
Is a high gloss mylar usually in metallic colors that pulls away from the clear backing. Sometimes it is referred to as foil paper and other times it is referred to as foil sheets
Foil
A lightweight cloth noted for its soft finish and feel. It is made with plain or twill weaves and is usually printed with small figures on dark or light backgrounds
Foulard
Generally made with uncut loops but is sometimes styled by shearing the loops at varying heights. Originated from Fries land Holland
Frieze
Is a firm, durable, compactly woven cloth which shows a diagonal line on the face of the goods. It is named for a cloak or mantle popular during the Middle Ages
Gabardine
A thin sheer fabric constructed with plain, leno, or dobby weave, specifically used for curtains next to glass windows to diffuse light
Gauze
Has dyed yarns introduced at given intervals in both warp and filling to achieve a block or check effect. Name is derived from the Italian Ging-gang meaning striped
Gingham
A fine, loosely woven fabric in leno weave
Grenadine
A strong, closely-woven corded fabric, usually of silk or rayon and often with cotton fiber. It is a heavy, rather prominent, ribbed fabric made from plain or rib weaves
Grosgrain
From the Japanese for “soft as down”. Is a lightweight plain weave silk fabric. Lighter than shantung
Habotai
A fabric which has a series of faint stripes formed by light, medium or dark yarns
Jaspe
Woven, multi-colored effect created by blending fibers of different colors
Heather
A very stiff, wiry cloth made with a single horsehair in the filling, usually on a cotton warp. The width of the fabric is determined by the length of the horsehair in the filling.
Haircloth
Broken twill weave composed of vertical sections that are alternately right hand in direction.
Herringbone, Arrowhead
Wide stripes of Herringbone
Chevron Weave
Broken twill weave forming a four pointed star
Houndstooth
A style of weaving that uses a resist dyeing process similar to tie-dye on either the warp or weft before the threads are woven to create a pattern or design. Through common usage, the word has come to describe both the process and the cloth itself
Ikat
Fabric woven with yarns of one color in the warp and another color in the filling so that the fabric seems to change color as the light strikes it
Irridescent
A fabric in which metallic threads or yarns are interspersed throughout or used in the base construction. The term comes from the french for “worked with gold and silver wire”
Lame
A term used to describe fabrics which have been joined together through the use of high-strength reinforcing scrim or base fabrics between two piles of flexible thermoplastic film. It can be bonded utilizing either foam itself, or some other material.
Laminated
A light, thin cloth of plain weave with a crisp and crease-resistant finish. Name is derived from Laon, a city in France where the fabric was manufactured extensively
Lawn
A jacquard stripe fabric simulating silk and embroidery
Lisserie
A fine firm cotton cloth with a plain weave background. It is usually striped or plaid in color. When washed it bleeds
Madras
A lightweight, open-mesh cloth of leno or doupe weave. It is used for clothing, curtains and mosquito nets
Marquisette
A soft, double cloth which has a quilted surface effect, and is woven on Jacquard looms. Term is derived from the French word meaning cushioned or padded
Matelasse
A heavily felted, hard, plain, face-finished cloth. It is napped and very closely sheared. It originated in the famous Melton Mowbray fox- hunting area in Leicestershire, England
Melton
A type of fabric characterized by its net-like open appearance, and the spaces between the yarns. Is available in a variety of constructions including woven, knot, lace, or crocheted fabrics
Mesh
Made of a very coarse yarn and is a rough, substantial, rather bulky fabric with a tendency to sag, depending on the compactness of the weave. A heavy weight cotton fabric utilizing the basket weave variation of the plain weave.
Monk’s Cloth
A generic term for a variety of cotton fabrics. Is a smooth and delicately woven cotton fabric
Muslin
A fine, soft fabric with a plain weave, usually with a strip and often mercerized to produce luster
Nainsook
A smooth, transparent, high-textured fabric made in plain or novelty weaves. It is much like voile but it has more body
Ninon
A very light, thin, stiff, transparent and wiry cloth. Chemical treatment assures that it will retain its crispness through repeated laundering
Organdie
A tough medium to heavyweight coarsely woven plain weave fabric, usually made of a cotton or cotton/poly blend. Lower grades of the unfinished fabric are used for such industrial purposes as bags, sacks, pipe coverings
Osnaburg
A tightly woven plain weave ribbed fabric with a hard slightly lustered surface. The ribbed effect is created by weaving a finer silk or manufactured warp yarn with a heavier filler yarn, usually made of cotton, wool, or waste yarn.
Ottoman
A soft, somewhat porous, rather stout fabric with a silk-like luster finish. It launders very well but is known to soil easily. Mostly used for men’s shirt and has a basket weave structure
Oxford
Named from the french word plush and is a satin-faced material made with a high luster by a roller-pressure treatment during finishing. Resembles velvet but has a much longer pile
Panne
A medium weight, plain weave, low to medium count cotton-like fabric. Most common for bedsheets
Percale
A medium weight or heavy fabric with raised cords that run in the warp direction. Used in many polo shirts
Pique
A fabric treated in a striped motif or in spot formation with a caustic soda solution that shrinks parts of the goods to provide the crinkled or pleated effect, thus it does not need to be ironed
Plisse
Mainly cotton, sometimes silk, leno, gauze, knotted or mesh woven fabric. Has a dull surfaced net with various sized holes. Has white or colored dots individually spaced or in groups
Point D’Esprit
A warp pile cloth covered with a surface of cut-pile yarns. The pile is linger but not as densely woven as velvet.
Plush
Combed and carded fabric in a satin construction which has been calendared to produce a high-luster surface finish.
Polished Cotton
Was originally a thin, natural, tan-colored silk fabric made of wild Chinese silk with a knotty rough weave. Now,it is also a staple, fine combed fabric finished with a high luster
Pongee
Identified by a fine rib effect in the filling direction from selvage to selvage. Term is derived from the obsolete french term papeline
Poplin
Is similar to poplin but has a more distinctive cross rib cord.
Rep
Plain weave fabric where the majority of the fabric face is composed of warp threads
Sail Cloth
Fabric made from yarns with low luster, such as cotton or other staple length fibers. A variation of the satin weave, produced by floating gill yarns over warp yarns.
Sateen
Has a very smooth, lustrous face effect while the back of the material is dull
Satin
Originally a high-grade coating fabric made from the wool of Merino sheep. Now it is also the name for a soft woolen cloth with elaborate yarn effects
Saxony
An open mesh, plain-weave cloth in several constructions and weights and usually used in buckram
Scrim
A lightweight cloth in which a base warp lies flat and a second warp becomes crinkled because of chemical treatment
Seersucker
Woven cloth with errors of flaws
Seconds
One of the oldest basic terms and n textiles. It now implies any smooth-faced cloth made with a two up and two-down twill weave
Serge
A silk fabric made of several fibers but designated by an elongated slub filling yarn
Shantung
Made from a small twill weave and has a smooth compact surface resembling the skin of a shark. It has a very substantial fell although it is fairly light in weight
Sharkskin
A plain-weave corded or combed cloth which comes in light, medium, or heavy weight
Sheeting
A lightweight fabric made of two different colored yarns. The fabric has an iridescent look and a crisp but not stiff hand. Is typically made of rayon/polyester blend.
Shimmer
Fabric originated in Germany and Austria and were developed to provide greater freedom of body movement for the athlete. They present very good surface texture and are durable and moisture absorbent. Stretchable but has no spandex
Stretch Woven
A soft, twill-woven silk or rayon fabric often made in plaid effects. It is soft and flexible, lightweight and lustrous. If made of fiber other than silk, the fiber content must be declared
Surah
A fine, sheer, crisp, stiff cloth which may be plain,melted or figured
Swiss
A fine, plain weave fabric, smooth on both sides, and usually with sheen on its surface. It may be solid colored, printed, or woven in such a way that the colors seem changeable.
Taffeta
A cloth made in plain weave or in a two-up and two-down twill weave. This multicolored fabric may be conventional or exceptional when made in variations of color effects. The fabric originated in Spain. It is also a specific woven pattern that often signifies a particular Scottish clan in the modern era
Tartan
Has uncut loops on both sides of the fabric. It is very absorbent; the longer the loops, the greater the absorbency
Terry Cloth
A broad term for extremely strong woven fabrics which are used as a covering for pillows, mattresses, and box springs, home-furnishings, and for work clothes and sports clothes. It is a heavy, tightly woven carded cotton fabric usually in a pattern of alternately woven stripes in the warp, jacquard or dobby designs, or printed patterns
Ticking
Made from 100% micro fiber polyester. Is a lightweight fabric with a light faille weave, silky feel and a slight sheen. It has an excellent draping quality. Though lightweight, it is an extremely strong fabric
Tissue Faille
A durable, heavy poplin made of blend of polyester and cotton. It is also considered a utility cloth and used for table cloths, chair covers, uniforms, and flag/banners
Trigger
A rough, irregular, soft, flexible, and unfinished shaggy cloth. It is one of the oldest and most popular outerwear fabrics used today. It is made of twill or homespun plain weave
Tweed
Is the world’s first ultra-microfiber. It feels like natural suede, but it is resistant to stains and discoloration; it can be machine-washed and because it is a non-woven fabric, it cannot pull or fray. This also ages better than real suede, is stain resistant and is animal friendly
Ultrasuede
A term loosely applied to cut-pile cloths in general. It also designates fabrics with a fine raised finish. From the French term meaning velvet, and although it resembles velvet, it has a lower cut pile
Velour
A warp-pile cloth in which a succession of rows of short cut pile stand so close together as to give a uniform, even surface. The better kinds may be crush resistant, water resistant and drapes well.
Velvet
When the pile of velvet is more than 1/8”
Plush
A filling pile cloth in which the pile is made by cutting an extra set of filling yarns
Velveteen
A crisp, lightweight, plain weave cotton-like fabric, made with high twist yarns in a high yarn count construction. Similar in appearance to organdy and organza. Used in blouses dresses and curtains. The cloth is made from gassed yarns
Voile
A fabric with a characteristic of honeycomb weave. It is used for coatings, draperies, dresses, and toweling.
Waffle
Waffle that is made in cotton
Waffle Pique
Refers to fabrics that have been laundered before shipping. This may be done to reduce shrinkage, soften the hand, wash down the color or to give the fabric a used, laundered look
Washed
Is a cloth made from cross-bred yarns, and the fabric is strongly colored. This finish is a highly raised lustrous type, and the nap is long and lies in one direction. The cloth may be given a soft feel and finish
Zibeline
Ability of a fabric to take in moisture
Absorbency
A cutout fabric decoration attached to a larger piece of material, in order to add depth, design or contrasting colors
Appliqué
A design featuring interlinking diamond shapes of varying colors, in a diagonal checkerboard pattern. Diagonal version of tartan.
Argyle
A small cloth placed over the backs or arms of chairs, or the head or cushions of sofa to prevent soiling of the permanent fabric
Antimacassar
Thin layers of natural or synthetic cloth used to line cushions, pillows, quilts or crafts. It can be made from cotton, polyester, silk, wool, or a blend of these. This also helps to conserve warmth; foam inside the comforter
Batting
Custom handmade or manufactured materials used on a bed for utilitarian or decorative purposes
Bedding
Square panel of fabric with or without elastic edge used to encase the top mattress on a bed
Bed Sheet
Fabric bedding treatment, which spams between the upper and lower mattress beginning beneath a comforter to touch the floor
Bed Skirt
Fabric bedding treatment, which covers a top mattress
Bedspread
Cut from one corner of a fabric to the opposite, diagonal corner. Some fabrics will drape differently and this treatment can require substantially more yardage
Bias-Cut
The removal of excess knots, bumps, loose threads and slubs from a fabric before the finishing process, by means of a burling iron or tweezers. It does not damage the fabric and ensures a smooth texture
Burling
Quilt made of many small patches (traditionally 2” or so) where each piece is a different fabric. The pattern is usually a one-patch design and often involves swaps and trades with friends to gather many fabrics
Charm Quilt
Painted linens that originated in Chitta, India in the 17th century
Chile
The series of clipping attached to a purchase sample to show the color line
Color Mag
Refers to the complete color range of a given series
Color Line
An individual color of a particular style or pattern
Color Way
The waviness or curvature of a fiber or yarn. Can be found naturally, as with wool, or can be mechanically produced
Crimp
Rubbing off of color from woven or printed fabrics
Crocking
Tightly woven or coated fabrics used to prevent down feathers from penetrating the surface
Down Poof
Fabric with patterned cut-outs, around which stitching or embroidery may be applied in order to prevent the fabric from raveling
Eyelet
Refers to the ability of a fiber or fabric to return to its original length, shape, or size immediately after the removal of stress
Elasticity
Calendering process in which fabrics are engraved with the use of heated rollers under pressure to produce a raised design on the fabric surface
Embossing
Embellishment of a fabric or garment in which colored threads are sewn on to the fabric to create a design. May be done by hand or machine
Embroidery
A thin piece of material put under another material to add color or brilliance
Foil
Stiff fabrics used to support, reinforce and give shape to fashion fabrics in sewn products. Often placed between the lining and the outer fabric, it can be made from yarns or directly from fibers, and may be either woven, non-woven, or knitted
Interfacing
Is a layer of fabric inserted between the face and the lining of a garment, drapery, or quilt. Serves as an additional layer of insulation
Interlining
A think layer of fiber designed to provide insulation, loft, and body to quilts, pillow toppers, and heavy winter jackets
Batting
Originally a type of English embroidery with a strong oriental influence, of the type first done during the restoration period. Common motifs are branches, ornamented in color with fruits and flowers and birds is common
Jacobean
Fabric made in the same shape as the outer fabric, a lining supports and protects the outer fabric and hides seams as well.
Lining
A type of fabric characterized by its net-like open appearance, and the spaces between the yarns.
Mesh
An extremely fine synthetic fiber that can be woven into textiles with the texture and drape of natural-fiber cloth but with enhanced wash ability, breathability, and water repellency
Microfiber so
Fabric construction created in weft yarns with graduated or shaded tone or color patterns
Ombré
Continuous filament rayon yarn with entangled slubs
Ondelette
Hand quilting technique where stitched follow printed motifs on fabric
Outline Quilting
Fabric or materials used to provide additional cushioning
Padding
Intricate interlocking curvilinear pattern originating in India. It is a tear-drop shaped, fancy printed pattern
Paisley
Fine silk fabric
Peau De Soie
Fine, hand stitched needlepoint design in canvas created with only one foundation threads rather than multiple threads
Petit Point
The number of filling yarns per inch of fabric
Pick Count
To form undesirable clumps of loose fibers on fabric
Pill
Fiber filaments that break in yarn due to friction leaving small undesirable clumps of loose fibers in the surface of fabric
Pilling
Fabric cover designed to protect pillow from soiling, utilitarian or decorative
Pillow Sham
Combed and carded fabric in a satin construction which has been calendared to produce a high-luster surface finish
Polished Cotton
Is a high fabric construction in which a layer of down or fiberfill is placed between two layers of fabric, and the held in place by stitching or sealing in a regular, consistent, all-over pattern on the goods
Quilt
To turn fabric where selvages run horizontally rather than vertically, often used where fabrics are non-directional to avoid unwanted seams
Railroaded
Dye-resistant products are applied, which results in only the background of a fabric being dyed
Reverse Printing
Decorative covering for bed pillows
Sham
French word for money trick, decorating using monkeys in human costume, generally in humorous situations popular in rococo ornamentation
Singeries
Large panel of fabric, usually in pairs. Used on top of the bed.
Sheet
Cloth having fine, irregular streaked pattern
Strié
Slender, decorative cloth typically used lengthwise down the center of a dining table, for surface protection and embellishment
Table Runner
Small decorative spread or coverlet, often woven with fringe
Throw
Cotton or linen woven or printed documentary fabric, typically printed in monotone color on an off-white or white background, originally made in France
Toile
Fabric printed in one color with 18th and 19th century scenes
Toile De Jouy
Blended yarns of twisted linen and cotton yarns in the filler creating a textured surface finish
Union Cloth
Materials used to make soft seating including wood or metal frames, eight-way hand tied springs, foams, batting, fabrics and cording
Upholstery
Rayon fiber of superior quality used in many decorative fabrics, often used to imitate silk
Viscose
A tapestry, needlepoint or bound fabric panel hung on the wall, typically suspended from an iron drapery rod and adorned with cording and tassels
Wall Hanging
Fabric procedure using commercial washing machines to mimic a worn effect
Washed Goods
Wood facing below the sill on windows
Apron
A type of bed with a canopy suspended from the ceiling rather than supported by posts
A La Duchesse, Angel Bed
A canopy resting on columns, usually built over an altar
Baldachino
Strips of coordinating or contrasting fabric, folded and finished, then affixed to the style as a decorative accent. It is used to frame or border a piece of work to add interest to the finished work
Banding
A line or cut across a fabric That is not at right angles to a side of the fabric
Bias
Strips of fabric cut on the bias
Bias Binding
When the darker color spoils the color and pattern of the lighter fabric
Bleed Through
A stitch that is frequently used for attaching appliqué pieces or binding. The stitches are sewn so they are hidden under the top
Blind Stitch
A drapes covering suspense over a piece of furniture, as over a bed or a seat of honor
Canopy
A curtain heading consisting of a simple hemmed top through which a rod or narrow pole could be slotted
Case Heading, Slot Heading
This track is mounted to the ceiling rather than the wall, it is useful when you have a window that goes right up to the ceiling or a wide sill to that protrudes what you want to avoid
Ceiling-Mounted Track
Two or three drapery rods sharing one set of brackets. They are used when installing draperies with sheers, or to create any layered look
Combination Rods
A colored fabric used as a lining when parts of it will show from the front
Contrast Lining
A pair of draperies which open and close from the center of the windows
Center Draw
The necessary distance between the wall and the back of the rod or treatment, and/or the front of one layer of the window treatment and the back of the rod or treatment
Clearance
Stiffening material similar to buckram used in drapery headings
Crinoline
Is a coiled wire with a plastic coating. It is slightly expandable and is fixed by eyelets screwed into the wire at each end, which are the fixed to the hook. Used for lightweight fabrics that only have a short span to cover and do not need to be drawn
Curtain Wire
These hang by a special hearing tape from the same hooks as the curtain but they are not actually stitched to the curtain fabric
Detachable Linings
These are useful for when you want to used two sets of curtain, or a pelmet and a curtain
Double Tracks
One complete section of drapery typically used for patio door applications or as decorative stationary side panels that hang on each side of the window and do not meet in the center
Drapery Panel
The distance from the top of the object to where you want the fabric to end
Drop Length
The wood board at the top of top treatments, cornices or valances. Its purpose is to prevent dust from settling on the under treatment
Dust Cap
Casual curtains that do not pull back. The bottom inside corners are hooked back to let light in
Envelope Curtains
Similar to the fan shade, but used on half circle windows with the fan facing up
Fan Curtain
The vertical fold of accordion action if the fabric that creates folds and helps hold the drapery to the form intended for pinch pleats
Fan Flooded
Arcs of fabric that are pulled together in the center by rings and cords and then fastened to the back of the shades with the arc, or fan, facing down
Fan Shades
The main fabric that faces the interior of the room. The “good side of the fabric
Face Fabric
The actual width after the treatment is finished and all allowances have been utilized
Finished Width
The place where the curtain stops
Finished Drop Line
The exact vertical measurement for draperies or curtains
Finished Lenght
Tracks that are ideal for bay or bow windows if you want to follow their line with the curtains. They are made of PVC and are very strong
Flexible Track
Depth require to mount a window treatment in such a way that it is completely recessed inside the window frame and no portion of it sticks out from the frame of the window
Flush Mount
The ratio of the total fabric used to the finished width of a drapery. The ______ the drapery, the smaller the spaces between each pleat
Fullness
A rectangular canopy above the bed extending only partway from the bed instead from the headboard. 1/3 the length of the bed
Half-Tester
Extra fabric added to the measurements to create a hem
Hem Allowance
Installation of a window covering inside the window frame
Inside Mount
Thin cords that are threaded through each slat that hold a blind together. In some cases, you may be able to substitute a cloth tape for a ladder
Ladder Cord
This is the inner vertical edges of the curtain that meets its pair at the center of the window, the edge that is not fixed to the end of the track when you draw back curtains and is often decorated with a contrastinf lipping, braid, tasseled fringe
Leading Edge
The control, typically a cord, which raises and lowers blind or shades
Lift
The gap on the side or in the center of a window treatment through which light penetrates
Light Strike
Trim that sets off smaller panes of glass in a window
Mullion
Installation of window coverings placed in the wall beyond the window frame
Outside Mount
One of more widths of fabric, sewn together to create a large _____ to adequately cover the window.
Panel
Fancy decorative trimmings such as tassels, tiebacks and ribbons
Passementerie
Random pattern repeats are matched vertically at the selvage edge so that the pattern lines up horizontally at the leading edge of the fabric
Pattern Match
The interval between the repetitions of the same pattern
Pattern Repeat
Pre-made and evenly spaced fabric tape sewn onto a drapery heading for stiffness to receive and conceal drapery hooks
Pleating Tape
A bed set lengthwise against the wall and surmounted by a small dome
Polonnaise
A hardware term, the rod _____ in to the room. It is the distance from the wall to the front of the rod
Projection
A term used to describe long draperies that are lying on the floor in a ______ fashion
Puddle
Refers to using fabric horizontally rather than vertically. Fabric without a nap or a directional designed can be ______ easily. Used to avoid seams in long lengths of fabric
Railroading
Distance from the front of a window treatment to the wall
Return
The printed side of the fabric that is used as the finished side of an item. The ______ generally has the most color and the most finished look
Right Side
This is the area required and used by pleated curtains when they are open on either side of the window. You need to allow for this when you measure for your curtain track
Stackback
A panel of fabric mounted on a board, and attached to the inside frame of a narrow window
Stagecoach Valance
Canopy framework over a four-poster bed
Tester
Is 1-2” of extra fabric beyond what is needed to reach the floor. Is a more contemporary option to puddling
Trouser Break
A narrow bed set into a draped recess
Turkish Bed
Hook and loop tape used for attaching fabric to a mounting board. Sometimes used for lightweight fabric and valances
Velcro
A rolled fabric border, stuffed to create a sausage shape
Wadded Edge
A soft, bulky material for stuffing shapes as in like a goblet heading
Wadding
The back of the fabric. The less finished side that may have stray threads or a rougher look to it
Wrong Side
Arcs of fabric that are pulled together in the center by rings and cords and then fastened to the back of the shades with the arc, or fan, facing down
Fan Shades
The main fabric that faces the interior of the room. The “good side of the fabric
Face Fabric
The actual width after the treatment is finished and all allowances have been utilized
Finished Width
The place where the curtain stops
Finished Drop Line
Stains that appear on the paper face, caused by bad pasting methods or poor paper handling
Adhesive Stains
Floral foliage, or scroll patterns, covering the entire paper
Allovers
Applied or laid on, as figures cut from paper and laid on to another paper
Appliqués
The appearance of one color to another
Bleeding
Means that the paper is not flat on the substrate and has pockets of air trapped behind. It is caused by under soaking or not evenly brushing paste, or insufficient smoothing whilst handling
Blisters, Bubbles
Amount of rolls produced of a single color combination at one time
Color Run
Designs that memorialize a historic event
Commemorative
A set of designs and colors to be used together in the same adjacent areas
Companion Papers
A design based on a document, an old paper, or a fabric dating from an earlier century
Documentary
Installation technique where two strips of paper are overlapped, while a cut is made through the center of the overlapped seam and the excess paper is removed
Double-Cut, Wallpaper Seam
The printing surface is made of rubber, but in relief
Flexography
Finely powdered silk, wool, or other fibers glued onto paper
Flocks
A thin sheet of flexible metal on paper, transparent or opaque color, which can be printed
Foils
Paper printed from copper plates, leaving the design slightly impressed
Gaufranes
Achieved by printing an adhesive to the areas that are to take the metal dust
Gilding, Silvering
Raw stock in which a coat of pigment is applied before the top colors are put on
Ground
A process of printing with blocks; in which a separate block is needed for each color
Hand-Blocked
Produced by hand-screening
Handprints
The trade name designating imported Chinese painted papers
India
Widely used for imitating Spanish leather, ceramic tiles, and paneling
Lincrusta
Powdered over with ground up paints, or having a thin metallic glaze
Lusters
Any kind of wall painting printed on paper
Murals
Wallpaper pattern matches including random match, straight match and drop match
Matching
Where one length encroaches on the next. It is caused by poor workmanship, insufficient soaking or missing patches while pasting, which makes the paper swell unevenly
Overlapping
Where the paper is poorly matched, creased, polished or embossed papers are flattened. This is caused by bad paper handling and over brushing
Overstretch
A series of papers with a comprehensive presentation of a subject or area in every direction
Panoramas
A process of photographic separation using copper or steel cylinders
Photogravure
An enlarged photograph used as a mural on the wall
Photomurals
A pictorial design continuing over several strips of paper
Scenic
Produced by the silk screen process
Screen Print
Having scenes spaced at intervals
Semi-scenic
Containing 36 square feet of surface after trimming
Single Roll
Made from maize, corn, potato, or wheat. It is in a powdered form, made to paste by adding water. It has a fungicide added during manufacture. It has a tendency to mark the wallpaper so it is not commonly used
Starch Paste
Sealer used to prepare the wall before the paper is applied
Size
Paper fused or coated with vinyl plastic, rendering it impervious to steam and damp
Vinyls
A wallpaper repeat where design elements run diagonally between 3 strips (across the wall) to complete the design
Wallpaper Half-Drop Match
A wallpaper pattern will match from roll to roll regardless of how it is positioned on the wall
Wallpaper Random Match
The wallpaper design will match at the same position on each strip of paper
Wallpaper Straight Match
Ability of a surface to resist being worn away by rubbing and friction
Abrasion Resistance
A substance which, when added to concrete, mortar, or grout, increases the rate of hydration of the hydraulic cement, shortens the time of setting, or increases the rate of hardening of strength development, or both
Accelerator
A term frequently used as a synonym for addition or admixture
Additive
The state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces which may consist of valence forces or interlocking action, or both
Adhesion
A material other than water, aggregates, and hydraulic cement, used as an ingredient of concrete or mortar, and added to the concrete immediately before or during its mixing
Admixture
Granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, and iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementing medium to form a hydraulic-cement, concrete or mortar
Agglomerate
A pre-casting of stone, slag, sand and graved bonded together into an integrated mass. The major component of plaster, concrete, and asphalt
Aggregate
A chemical substance which effectively neutralizes acid material so as to form neutral salts
Alkali
Pliant material such as cork, fabric, foil, leather, linoleum, paper, rubber, or vinyl used as wall covering
Applied
Masonry constructed of flat-surfaced stones with straight, clean - cut jointing
Ashlar
Any material used as a base over which a finished material is to be installed
Backing
A narrow wood strip used to cover joints between boards or panels
Batten
A term used in construction or architecture that refers to a wall that slopes backward as it rises from the ground. A slope at the back of a house may be ______ or cut so that it is self-retaining. May also apply to walls that may gently slope inward
Battered
Any fractures in the body of a tile visible both on the face and back
Bisque Cracks
The adherence of one material to another. Effective ____ must be achieved between the mortar and scratch coat, between the tile and mortar, and between the adhesive and backing
Bond
A substance applied to a suitable substrate to create a bond between it and a succeeding layers as between a subsurface and a terrazzo topping or a succeeding plaster application
Bonding Agent
Ceramic tile installation featuring each row offset for half its length
Broken Joint
A french term designating a plain or carved wood-paneled wall
Boiserie
The projecting ornament placed at the intersection of beams or moldings. It is often a carved head of an angel, flower, or foliage motif
Boss
To polish or grind down to a smooth finish
Buff
A wall or partition that supports the portion of the building above it in addition to its own weight
Bearing Partition
A plain square joint between two members
Butt Joint
Tiles that have projections on the bondable side. Many of these projections are round.
Buttonback Tile
A copolymer of about 98% isobutylene and 2% isoprene. It has the poorest resistance to petroleum oils and gasolines of any rubber. Excellent resistance to vegetable and mineral oils; to solvents such as acetone, alcohol, phenol and ethylene glycol.
Butyl Rubber
Any substance which markedly speeds up the cure of an adhesive when added in minor quantity as compared to the amounts of primary reactants
Catalyst
A soft, plastic material consisting of pigment and vehicle, used for sealing joints in buildings and other structures where normal structural movement may occur
Caulking Comppund
Any material fixed as clothing to walls and roofs. It is a weathering surface that protects a building
Cladding
A thin wall supported by the structural frame of the building and not dependent on the load-bearing quality of the wall below it
Curtain Wall
A wall faced with assorted shapes and sizes, glaze or unglazed, of ceramic or terra-cotta tiles
Ceramic
A constant load that in structures is due to the mass of the members, the supported structure, and permanent attachments or accessories
Dead Load
Partitions that can be removed from its mounted position
Demountable
A screen or partition separating one area from another within a larger area
Divider
Tile decorated with colored clays inlaid and fired, Also colored tile laid in a wall or floor to form a pattern
Encaustic
A brick layering pattern in which each layer consists of either an entire row of stretchers and the next layer entirely of headers
English Bond
Prints from a copper plate upon which a drawing or design has been made by a metal tool or by “biting” with acid
Etchings
An area of tile covering a wall or floor.
Field Tile
Partitions with joined sections that can be folded together like an accordion
Folding
A hollow block of glass that is translucent but not transparent, used mainly in conjunction with brick
Glass Brick, Glass Blocks
A lattice or trellis openwork screen or wall
Grille
A wood strip or metal mesh, which acts as a background or reinforcing agent for the scratch coat or mortar coat
Lath
The moving load or variable weight to which a building is subjected, due to the weight of the people who occupy it, the furnishings, and other movable objects
Live Load
A force provided by weight or mass, external or environmental sources such as wind, water and temperature, or other sources of energy
Load
An opening in a wall or ceiling protected from the rain by slats placed at an angle
Louver
Organic tile adhesive
Mastic
The projecting shelf surmounting a fireplace
Mantel
A recess in a wall for a statue or ornament
Niche
A wall or partition that supports only its own weight
Non-Bearing
The front dividing line of a step, where the top or a risers joins the front of a tread
Nosing
A movable wall that is hinged or slides serving as a room divider
Operative
A flat surface, raised or recessed, surrounded by rails and stiles, and held in place with mouldings
Panel
An interior partial wall dividing a larger area
Partition
A rectangular shaft built into a wall and projecting slightly from it
Pilaster
Traditionally a mixture of lime, sand, and water, sometimes with hair or other fiber added, used for coating walls and ceilings
Plaster
A material that increases plasticity of a cement past, mortar, or concrete mixture
Plasticizer
Rock composed of crystals or white or red feldspar in a red ground mass. A valuable stone for architectural and ornamental use
Porphyry
The prominent or accent wall
Prestige Wall
In paneling any horizontal strip forming a portion of the frame.
Rail
A small receptacle designed to hold a sacred relic, usually made of ornamented precious metals enriched with jewels or enamel decoration
Reliquary
Aggregate, ceramics, glass, marble, metal, plaster, plastics, slate, terrazzo, or wood used as a finishing surface for a wall
Rigid Materials
A mixture of portland cement, sand, and water
Scratch
The first coat of plaster or stucco, applied and scratched to a wall or ceiling in three-coat work
Scratch Coat
A movable partition intended to divide, conceal, or protect part of a room
Screen
A detailed working drawing of a wall that has been cut away to show the interior assembly of the construction material
Section, Cross-Section
The condition reached by a cement paste, mortar, or concrete when it has lost plasticity to an arbitrary degree. usually measured in terms of resistance to penetration or deformation
Set
Maximum interval during which a material may be stored and remain in a usable condition
Shelf Life
Fine plaster or cement made of portland cement, sand and lime applied to a structure used as ornamentation
Stucco
The underlying support for the ceramic tile installation
Substrate
A small cube of stone, glass or marble used in making mosaics
Tessera
A term used to describe the bonding of tile with suitable materials applied approximately 1/8 inch thick
Thin-Set
The decorative treatment of the space over a mantel, door, or window, consisting of a mirror and painting, Specifically, it was the over-the-mantel panel treatment of the Louis XV and XVI periods
Trumeau
Paper thin wood sheets applied to the outer surface of furniture, which are often inlaid or matched to combinations, i.e. slip, diamond, checkerboard, reverse diamond, book, running, center, balanced match
Veneer Match
A pierced lattice effect in wood
Treillage
A stylized leaf motif, one of the primary decorative elements of classical architecture as evident on the capital of the corinthian column.
Acanthus Leaves
Based on the honeysuckle flowers and leaves
Anthemion
A moorish design or scrollwork, leaves, flowers, and interlaced branches, beautifully intertwining and flowing pattern of leaves and flowers, and based on the Assyrian tree of life
Arabesque
A full or half male figure used instead of a column or in place of a furniture leg
Atlantes
A board placed at the base of a wall and rests on the floor; usually treated with mouldings
Baseboard
A decorative strip or moulding that resembles a string of beads. Found on furniture, silver, glassware, pottery etc.
Beading
The edge of any flat surface that has been cut at a slant to the main area
Bevel
Tortoise shell, ivory, mother-of-pearl and metals of various colors used as inlay to ornament cabinetwork.
Boulle
The rounding of an edge.
Bullnose
Motifs, which emulates the letters c and s, which are characteristics of the Rococo style. Found on furniture and decorative frames
C and S Scrolls
The form of an unrolled scroll with and oval center and having pierced, curled edges. It is a conventionalized shield or ovoid form used as an ornament, often enclosed with wreaths, garlands on scroll like forms
Cartouche
A column carved in human form, used as a supporting motif in an architectural composition. Generally female form
Caryatid
A molding of concave form approximating a quarter circle
Cavetto
Generally made of plaster, a circular decorative molding fixed to the ceiling, often in the center, and often has a pendant light fitting suspended from it
Ceiling Rose
The topmost molding of a dado, sometimes known as the dado cap. It is placed on a wall at the height of a chairback to protect the finish of the wall
Chair Rail
A bevel or slope made by paring off the edge of anything originally right angled. Often used on the legs of furniture. Creates a 45 degree angle
Chamfer
A pattern consisting of alternating light and dark squares
Checkerboard
A square block of wood used to form a junction between the sides and head strip of door and window trim. Any block similarly used in cabinet-making
Corner Block
Ornament used on the sides of pinnacles, usually leaf or bud-shaped; commonly seen in gothic art
Crocket
A french term meaning “five leaves”, a pattern resembling a five-leave clover
Cinquefoil
An ornamental sunken panel in a ceiling, vault, or the lower surface of an arch, beam or other architectural feature
Coffer
A formalized bunch of leaves carved at intervals on the edge of wood mouldings, prevalent during the gothic period
Crocket
A molded projection that crowns a wall, or divides it horizontally for compositional purposes. It may be formed simply with a crown molding or be built up with a number of molding
Crown Molding
An S shapes curve which begins and ends horizontally
Cyma Recta
An opposed to the cyma recta, here the curve starts and ends vertically
Cyma Reversa
The lower portion of a wall, when treated differently from the surface above it.
Dado
An all-over repeating patter without definite limits
Diaper Pattern
A small square projecting block in a cornice
Dentil
An ovoid shaped molding forming a part of a classical capital. It springs from the shaft of the column
Echinus
A classical motif found on architectural elements such as decorative cornices and also furniture. Consists of repeated and alternate dart and egg (oval) shapes
Egg and Dart Moulding
A female head and bust used at the top of a volute
Espagnolette
A string of many kinds of material hanging in a curve between two points
Festoon
A divider with an openwork design, the lacy effect produced by twisting and curling wire together or the open work in porcelain
Filigree
A narrow flat molding or area, raised or sunk to separate larger moldings or areas
Fillet
A stylized three-petaled iris flower tied by an encircling band, used as the heraldic bearing of the royal family of France
Fleur De Lis
Channels in a vertical position used to embellish columns, pilasters or furniture legs. These are parallel concave grooves that are used to ornament a surface
Flutes
A Greek geometric band or border motif, consisting of interlacing or interlocking lines, also known as the meander or key pattern
Fret
Elongated ovoid forms placed in a parallel series and projecting beyond the surface they enrich
Gardoon
A pilaster that narrows toward the bottom and is capped with a topless female half-figure
Gaine
A grotesque animal or human form used as a water spout
Gargoyle
A prepared plaster of chalk and white lead which may be cast to make repeating ornamental forms in relief to apply to wood panels, plaster surfaces, etc
Gesso
A monster with the body of a lion and the head of and wings of an eagle
Griffin
An incongruous combination of monstrous animal and human forms
Grotesque
A band or border running pattern having the appearance of overlapping or interlacing circular forms
Guilloche
A tapering pilaster terminating in a head or bust of a male
Herm
A cabriole leg formed like the tarsal joint of the hind leg of a quadruped
Hock
A decorative motif of greek origin resembling a conventionalized fanlike arrangement of petals
Honeysuckle
A panel resembling folded cloth. It was prevalent in the gothic period.
Linenfold
An alternate name for the conventional diamond-shaped motif
Lozenge
A form resembling a crescent or half moon
Lunette
A grotesque head or mask
Mascaron
A running ornament consisting of an intricate variety of fret or fretwork
Meander
A highly ornamented turning in two sections
Melon Bulb
Overall pattern of stylized flowers and plants
Millefleur
The leading or prominent edge of a moulding or drip. It may be the edge of a step or the edge of a table or bench
Nosing
A molding or an arch form composed of two opposing cyma curves whose convex sides meet in a point, thus forming an s, but is somewhat elongated compared to a cyma
Ogee, Ogive
A variety of brass made to imitate gold or bronze
Ormolu
A convex moulding used in classical architecture. It is usually an exact quarter of a circle but in grecian it is flatter and quirked on top. Opposite of cavetto
Ovolo
Using veneers cut as cross sections of roots and branches of walnut, olive-wood, and some fruit woods to resemble the irregular concentric rings in oyster shells
Oystering
A flat circle or oval containing acanthus leaves in a rosette arrangement
Patera
A boss elongated so that it hangs down from the intersection of coffers in ceilings or from tables
Pendant
A compound of paper pulp or shreds of paper mixed with paste or glue to be moulded into various shapes
Paper Mache
A horizontal molding near a ceiling from which pictures can be suspended
Picture Mold, Picture Rail
A four lobed ornamentation
Quatrefoil
A long, semi-cylindrical, stem like from or a grouping of such used to enrich moldings
Reeding
Scroll and leaf ornament sometimes combined with cartouches or grotesque forms and applied to friezes, panels or other architectural forms. It is usually a symmetrical horizontal composition
Rinceau, Arabesque
An ornamental motif formed by a series of leaves arranged around a central point. The leaves are usually conventionalized and may be arranged to form a circle, ellipse or square
Rosette
An x-pattern
Saltier
A semicircular shell with ridges radiating from a point at the bottom. This motif was especially common in furniture design during the Queen Anne and Georgian periods in England and the United States, It was also extensively used in the early Spanish renaissance.
Scalloped Shell
A parchment roll used as an ornament
Scroll
Broken pediment with each half shaped in the form or a reverse curve, and ending in an ornamental scroll. Usually a finial or some sort is placed in the center between the two halves of the pediment
Scroll Pediment
Used as marquetry in furniture panes
Seaweed
A figure having the head and breasts of a woman, the wings of an eagle, and the body of a lion
Sphinx
Consisting of enriched interlacing flat bands and forms similar to fretwork
Strapwork
The stonework formed in the head of a gothic window, Applied to the surface on a door or wood panel
Tracery
A pattern resembling a tree or vine, showing branches, leaves, flowers, and small animals. Originating in ancient Assyria, it was borrowed by the Persians
Tree-of-Life Pattern
A three lobed ornamentation resembling a clover
Trefoil
Millwork around openings such as windows and doors, usually called casings
Trim
A convex semi-circular molding
Torus
Ornamental motifs, patterns or portraits centered on a large field
Vignettes
A peculiar pattern of scroll work consisting of convolved undulations
Vitruvian Scroll
A spiral scroll forming the principal characteristics of the ionic capital
Volute
A wooden lining for interior walls, usually paneled.
Wainscot
A conventionalized leaf pattern of classical origin used to enrich a cyma reversa molding
Waterleaf, Leaf and Dart Pattern
A continuous pattern conventionally imitating a series of braking wave crests
Wave Pattern
A decorative band or garland of flowers, foliage, or other ornamental material
Wreath
A general class of resinous polymers, derived from esters, amides or other acrylic acid derivatives
Acrylic
Pain used on new plaster, which is durable in contact with lime
Alkali Resistant
Mechanical bonding of a coating to a rough surface as contrasted with adhesion, which is chemical bonding
Anchoring
Metal paint designed to inhibit corrosion
Anti-Corrosive Paint
These paints contain toxic compound, which kill any fungi attempting to feed from it.
Anti-Fungus Paints
Paint that contains grit (sand, plastic chips, cork dust) that forms a grippable surface that breaks the tension of the water
Anti-Slip Paint
This is the process of artificially ageing paint. It can be achieved by rubbing over the new paint with a darker glaze or colour wash. This creates a dirtier color
Antiquing
Undercoat staining through the topcoat
Bleeding
Is bubbles or blisters in the paint film. It is caused by water vapor being attracted by heat and forming spaces beneath the film, or resins from knots in the timber being attracted t heat, or paint being used on surfaces which have extreme heat
Blistering
Milky opalescence in lacquer usually caused by lack of compatibility in the paint or being applied in cold or wet weather
Blushing
Is a powdery deposit being formed on a dry paint film surface. The powder is unbound pigment. This is caused by painting over surfaces that haven’t been sealed sufficiently, or the paint is deficient in binder, caused by over thinning. It can also occur when using interior paints on exterior surfaces.
Chalking
These are all names for splits that appear in the film of the surface coating. It is caused by the use of excessive dryers or recoating before the under coat is dry.
Checking, Cracking, Crocodiling, Alligatoring
This is diluted layer of paint or proprietary product that is applied over a base coat to provide a wash or glimpse of color
Colorwash
This imitates old peeling paint and provides a cobweb look. The crackle glaze is applied between two water based coats of differing colors. This then produced a series of cracks on the top layer and exposes the base coat color underneath
Crackle- Glaze Paint
This is a process that was developed to imitate the crazing of very old varnish. It is achieved by applying two varnishes to a surface that dry at different rates. It achieves a finer crazing than by using the crackle glaze but is a more expensive method
Craquelure
Scratching plaster to prepare the surface for the next coat
Deviling
A type of paint made by mixing the pigment with glue or size. Now largely superseded by emulsion paints
Distemper
This is making a finish look older than it really is or time worn and rugged. It is achieved by using two different colors, base and top coat and partially removing the top coat to expose the base underneath.
Distressing
A chemical preparation added to paint which causes it to dry quickly
Drier
Is a white fluffy surface deposit that is caused by salts in the plaster being drawn to the surface. The moisture evaporates. Dry brushing will remove it
Efflorescence
This is paint with a finish midsheen between matte and gloss
Eggshell Paint
These are the finishing or final coats. They provide the final color and gloss level required. They are the protection layer from weather, moisture, knock and chops.
Finishing Coat
Is paint or varnish lifting away from the surface in flakes because of a breakdown of the adhesion. It occurs when painting damp surfaces, especially timber, or painting powdery surfaces,
Flaking
Method of painting on wet plaster with tempera colors. The plaster absorbs the pigment, and when dry, the painting becomes hard and durable and a part of the plaster
Fresco
This is essentially the application of a gold finish. It can be achieved by applying gold lead, or by using metallic powders
Gilding
Putty used to set glass in window frames and to fill nail holes and cracks
Glazing Compound
A painted imitation of the fiber lines of wood
Graining
Swelling and standing up of the wood grain caused by absorbed water and solvents
Grain Raising
A type of varnishing. It was to imitate the lacquering work from the east.
Japanning
A glossy type of pain finish. Usually applied by spraying. Modern lacquers are unlike varnishes or enamels are based on cellulose compounds
Lacquer
This is the layering of numerous coats of varnish, sanding in between coats. This creates a smooth lustrous effect.
Lacquering (Japanning)
The paint is passed through the voids that surround the design
Negative Stencil
This is the first coat of paint that is applied to a raw (unpainted) surface.
Primer
Is the wrinkles occurring in the pain film as it dries. It happens because the paint has been applied too thickly. To prevent it, ensure that the paint is applied to the normal film thickness
Rivelling
Solvents used to thin coating
Thinners
A framework of metal wire or tubing used in fashioning a work in clay, wax, or plaster of Paris
Armature
A small terra cotta sketch of a sculpture, Italian
Bozzetto
A design carved in relief in stone or shell
Cameo
A type of dark colored, hard stone much used in Egyptian sculpture
Diorite
A form of incised relief in which the design is sunk below the surface
Intaglio
Small scaled model for a finished sculpture. It is used to visualize and test shapes and ideas without incurring the cost and effort of producing a full scale sculpture
Maquette
Oil based clay used for modeling sculptures
Plasticene
Lamp invented by a Swiss named ______. Had a round wick with provision for the introduction of air inside the wick as well as the outside
Argand Lamp
Oil lamp with swinging tubular arms, generally furnished with an Argand burner. Used in the early 19th century
Astral Lamp
The process by which the eye adjusts to a change in light level
Adaptation
General light, often indirect, or entering a room form an adjacent space
Ambient Light
An opaque or translucent element used to shield a lamp from view or to absorb unwanted light
Baffle
An unshielded light source
Bare Lamp
An optical filler the selectively reflects some wavelengths, while transmitting others
Dichoroic Mirror
The emission n of light, only during the absorption of radiation of a different wavelength
Fluorescence
A series of baffles, usually geometric, used to shield a lamp from view at certain viewing angles
Louvers
Glare, where reflection reduces contrast and so prevents detail being discerned
Veiling Reflection
Broken or waste glass suitable for remelting
Cullet
Literally meaning horse mirror. It is a full length mirror, usually standing on the floor
Cheval Glass
Crushed glass often melted onto other glass to produce patterns and color
Fruit
Joining two or more blown section while hot
Incalmo
Threads of white or colored glass within clear glass, sometime lace like in pattern
Latticino
Fragile opalescent glass wares made by the Romans and used for ornamental and useful purposes
Murrhine
A glass or mirror designed to stand on the floor or against a a wall or a surface
Pier Glass
An iron rod used in glass manufacturing to carry hot materials
Pontil
A method of engraving on copper by the use of a resinous solution of nitric acid
Aquatint
A protective plating for steel. Often used for wood screws
Cadmium Plaiting
15th century metal alloy, the ancestor of pewter, being a combination of copper, tin, and lead. Used particularly in application to ornamental figures made in Dinant, Belgium
Dinandrie
A type of metal inlay. The design is incised by means of acid applications on a metal base, and the depressions are filled in with wires or different metal cuts to fit
Damascene Work
A metal product commonly used as a raw material feed in steel making, usually containing iron and other materials to aid various stages of the steel making process such as deoxidation, desulfurization and adding strength
Ferroalloy
Metal linings, often ornamented and usually of cat iron, placed in a fireplace behind the fire to reflect hear and protect the masonry
Firebacks
The process by which steel is coated with a layer of zinc. The zinc coating provides the steel with greater corrosion resistance
Galvanizing
Steel cast in a metal mold ready for rolling or forging. It is distinct from casting, which is not rolled or forged
Ingot
Ornamental or utilitarian metal work, such as handles, drawer pulls, escutcheons, etc. used on cabinetwork
Mounts
Treating the surface of iron or steel with acid to remove scale, rust and dirt, preparatory to further processing such as cold rolling, tinning, galvanizing, polishing, etc
Pickling
Oxide of iron that forms on the surface of steel after heating
Scale
The non metallic forming a molten layer on top of the molten steel in a steel furnace. It is made by charging suitable materials and plays and important role in the refining of steel
Slag
Silver that is 92 1/2% pure
Sterling
Useful or decorative objects made of tin and ornamented with painted or enameled patterns
Tole
