Materials - Metals Flashcards

1
Q

What categories can metals be divided into?

A

Non ferrous
Ferrous
Alloy

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2
Q

What makes aluminium quite corrosion resistant?

A

It oxidises quickly, the coating of aluminium oxide is clear, colourless, and non-staining. Stops air, water and chemicals reaching the metal.

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3
Q

What is anodization?

A

an electrochemical process that converts the metal surface into a decorative, durable, corrosion-resistant, anodic oxide finish.

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4
Q

What can aluminium conduct?

A

It conducts heat and electricity very well.

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5
Q

Aluminium is both d_______ and m__________.

A

Ductile and malleable.

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6
Q

When aluminium is polished it is ___________ ______________.

A

Highly reflective.

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7
Q

Aluminium has the highest ________________________ of any metal.

A

Strength-to-weight ratio.

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8
Q

What happens to the strength of Aluminium as temperature rises?

A

It reduces.

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9
Q

What is an environmental benefit of aluminium?

A

It can be very easily recycled and is 100% recyclable.

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10
Q

What are the reasons Aluminium is commonly used in foil?

A

It is impermeable and odourless.

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11
Q

What are some disadvantages of aluminium?

A

It is difficult to weld which limits the ways it can be joined together.
Not very hard.

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12
Q

Advantages of copper

A

Good conductor of both heat and electricity
Very malleable and ductile
Corrosion resistance
Tough

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13
Q

Disadvantages of copper

A

Poor tensile strength
Not very hard - scratches

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14
Q

Advantages of silver.

A

Very malleable
Ductile
Good conductor of both electricity and heat
Anti bacterial
Attractive

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15
Q

Disadvantages of silver

A

Soft and scratches easily
Not very corrosion resistant, tarnishes quickly

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16
Q

What is pewter 90% made up of?

A

Tin

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17
Q

Advantages of pewter

A

Malleable
Non-elastic
Easily fusible with other metals
Non-corrosive so water-tight

18
Q

Why is pewter excellent for coating other metals such as in production of cans for preserving food?

A

Does not impart flavour to the food and doesn’t leech chemical into food content

19
Q

Disadvantages of pewter

A

Soft and not hardwearing
Dents easily
Low mp
Low strength
Expensive to mine and extract

20
Q

Advantages of stainless steel

A

High corrosion resistance
Heat and fire resistant
Easy to clean - non reactive to cleaning chemicals
Good strength to weight ratio
High tensile strength

21
Q

Disadvantages of stainless steel

A

Scratches and dents
Difficult to weld
High initial cost

22
Q

Advantages of brass

A

High corrosion resistance
Ductile and malleable
Easily worked
Attractive
Good flow characteristics - casts well and takes detail
Reasonable conductor
Antimicrobial properties

23
Q

Disadvantages of brass

A

Still fairly expensive
Scratches

24
Q

What are the different types of steel heat treatments?

A

Tempering
Annealing
Work Hardening
Normalising

25
What is tempering?
The heat process used to increase the toughness of iron-based alloys.
26
Advantages of tempering
Helps to relieve stress making the metal easier to weld or machine. Increases strength while making the material more flexible and ductile. Increases hardness and introduces wear-resistant properties to the surface or through entire metal.
27
Disadvantages of tempering
Time consuming Inconsistent hardness Discolouration Limited control over mechanical properties
28
What is annealing?
The heat treatment process that changes the physical and sometimes chemical properties of a material to increase ductility and reduce hardness to make it more workable.
29
Advantages of annealing
Increase workability Increases ductility Increases toughness Reduces hardness
30
Disadvantages of annealing
Can cause defects Needs temperature control while cooling down Time consuming Can alter the properties of the material
31
What is work hardening?
The process by which a materials load-bearing capacity increases during plastic deformation.
32
Advantages of work hardening
High impact strength Increases toughness
33
Disadvantages of work hardening
Lower ductility More brittle
34
Where is tempering used?
In tools, springs and structured steel
34
Where is annealing used?
In machining tools
35
Where is work hardening used?
Mining chutes, conveyors, grizzlies, screens, bucket lips
36
Advantages of duralumin
Strong Hard Lightweight Malleable Machines well
37
What is duralumin made up of?
95% aluminium 4% copper 0.5% manganese 0.5% magnesium
38
Disadvantages of duralumin
Not very corrosion resistant Soft - can bend easily
39
Where is duralumin used?
Aircraft, speedboat and automobile frames, pressure cookers
40
Advantages of bronze
High thermal and electrical conductivity Corrosion resistance Hard Tensile strength Resistant to metal fatigue
41
Disadvantages of bronze
Susceptible to "bronze disease" Hard to work with