Materials Management Flashcards
Ziele von MM
Sicherstellen der benötigten Materialien (pünktlich, richtige Qualität, richtiger Ort, minimale Kosten)
Procure-To-Pay Prozess
Create demand (MRP) - Process purchase request (Purchasing) - Create purchase order (Purchasing) - Create sales order (Vendor) - Monitor purchase order (Purchasing) . Deliver goods (Vendor) - Receive goods (Inventory Mngmt.) - Create Invoice (Vendor) - Verify Invoice (Accounts payable) - Trigger payment (Accounts payable)
Wo can MM helfen
- Geringe Vertikale Integration in der Produktion
- Minimierung von Sicherheitsbeständen
- Outsourcing
- Kosteneinsparung für externe Beschaffung
Wer ist am Procure to Pay Prozess beteiligt
Client, Purchasing organization, Storage Location, Plant, Company Code
Procure to Pay - Client
Hat Master Data und Gestaltungsbedarf (Customizing), repräsentiert Corporate Group, in der Hierarchie oben
Procure to Pay - Company Code
- Kleinste organisatorische Einheit für Buchaltung, hat eigene Bilanz und GV Rechnung, in der Hierarchie unter Client
Procure to Pay - Purchasing group
Einkauf, Verträge + Vertragskonditionen
Procure to Pay - Plant
Produktionsstätte, Instandhaltung, Produktioneinheit mit Standardpreis, in der Hierarchie unter Company Code
Procure to Pay - Storage Location
Materiallagerung und Inventar, in der Hierarchie unter Plant
Unterschied plant specific purchasing organization und cross plant purchasing organization und cross company code pur. org.
- specific: Jede Plant hat eine Pur. Org.
- cross plant: Mehrere Plants haben eine Pur. Org.
- cross company: Mehrere Plants bei Pur. Org. und plants sind bei verschiedenen company codes
Views for Material Master
- Basic data
- Sales data
- Purchasing data
- Work scheduling
- Forecasting
- MRP data
- QM data
- Material Accounting
- Stock
- Storage
- Warehouse Management
Arten von Materialien
Endprodukte, Komponenten, Betriebsstoffe
Wer kann was im Material Master sehen?
- Client: Basic Data
- Plant: Purchasing, MRP / Forecasting, Stock quantities, Material accounting, Quality management
- Storage location: MRP / forecasting, Stock quantities, Storage
MRP Prozess
Sales History Forecasts -> Sales & Operations -> Demand Planning (based on sales orders) -> MRP -> Production ORders External Procurement Orders
Welche Faktoren beinhaltet MRP?
MRP parameter of material, Available stock quantities, planned receipts / issues, demands for material (quanity, date, source of supply=
Unterprozess “Create Demand” vom Procure to Pay Prozess
Perform MRP Run & Create Demand -> Decide Make or Buy -> Process internal planned order & Check purchase requisition
Unterprozess “Create MRP run” vom Create Demand Prozess
Run mass MRP in batch mode & Run MRP for main products in batch mode (Rework MRP run) -> Run MRP for single material
MRP methods in SAP ERP
MRP (single/mass)
- > Plan driven (Relies on known future demand): Planning critical parts / With BOM (bill of materials = Stückliste) resolution / Without BOM resolution
- > Consumption driven (Relies on consumption): Manual reorder point (=Bestellpunkt: wenn verfügbaare Menge unter dem Bestellpunkt liegt) / Automatic reorder point / Stochastical planning (forecast)
EPK for MRP Run in SAP ERP (external procurement)
Parameter für MRP run sind definiert -> MRP run -> Pur. Req. is created / Delivery sched. is created / Result MRP run is stored / Planned order is created / MRP list is created
Was ist eine Purchase Requisition (=Bestellanforderung)?
- Internes Dokument
- Nachfrage, die gedeckt werden soll, muss definiert werden
- Kann auslösen: Bestandsbeschaffung, Beschaffung für Konsumierung (externe services), Lierferplanerstellung, Bestandsumlegung
Subprozess “Process Purchase Requisition”
Check if redetermination of SOS is required -> ggf. determine SOS -> ggf. release Pur. Req.
Purchasing Master Records für SOS in SAP ERP (Angaben)
- Vendors: Beschreibung und bestehende Verbindlichkeiten
- Conditions: Preis, Rabatt, Menge, …
- Purchasing info records
- Quota arrangements: Welcher demand von welcher SOS
- Source lists: Define preferred SOS or exclude SOS
- Contracts
- Scheduling agreements
Subprocess “Create purchase order”
Convert pur. req. to pur. order X Convert RFQ (Angebotsanfrage) to pur. order X Create pur. order manually -> Release pur. order. -> send pur. order -> create sales order (vendor)
Subprocess “Monitor purchase order”
check receipt of PO confirmation -> send reminder of delivery date (goods not received before delivery date) -> send reminder of delivery date (goods not received after delivery date)
Was ist MRP?
- Planung von Produktion (Materialbedarf ür Produktion, Lieferzeiten)
- > Bedarfsplanung + Effizienzsteigerung
Procure to Pay Prozess
Create demand (MRP) -> Process pur. req. (Purchasing) -> create pur. order (Purchasing) -> create sales order (vendor) -> Monitor pur. order (Purchasing) -> deliver goods (vendor) -> receive goods (inventory management) -> create invoice (vendor) -> verify invoice (accounts payable) -> trigger payment (accounts payable)
Subprozess “Receive goods”
Create sales order (vendor) -> create ASN (vendor) -> receive ASN (Advance Shipping Notice - Versandvorabmitteilung) -> deliver goods (vendor) -> receive delivery (inventory management) -> start qm -> transport goods to warehouse
Inventory Categories for Goods Receipt for a Stock Material (=Lagermaterial)
Goods receiving area has to do:
Stock in quality inspection, Blocked Stock, Unrestricted stock use
Documents for a Goods Movement
Inventory Management has Goods Receipt, Goods Issue, Transfer posting -> Material Document with material quantity and movement type
Finance has accounting document with key and G/L account and amount based on material document
Effects of Goods Receipt Posting
- Update of quantities and values
- Movement documentation
- Update G/L accounts
- Open an inspection lot to trigger the quality inspection
- Transfer requirement for WM
- Printout
- Message to ordering party
- Update of pur. order/order history
Subprocess “Verify invoice”
Vendor: Create sales order -> create ASN -> Deliver goods -> create invoice .> accounts payable: enter invoice -> check invoice -> block invoice for payment -> release invoide
Subprocess “Release Invoice”
Accounts payable: Check blocking reason -> ggf. trigger reconciliation -> remove blocked reason
Material Valuation - Moving average price
Durchschnitt vom Preis des bestehenden Inventars und des neu dazu gekauften Materials
Material Valuation - Standard price
Werden nach standard price bewertet
Special Procurement types
- Procurement via stock transfer
- Subcontracting
- Vendor consignment
- Procurement for stock vs. Procurement for consumption
Procurement via stock transfer
- Zwischen storage locations einer plant
- Zwischen storage locations mehrerer plants
- Zwischen storage locations verschiedener Unternehmen
- > ausgeführt mit reservierungen, stock transfer orders oder ohne planung
Subcontracting process
Eig wie procure to pay, wir brauchen aber nur Komponenten
Vendor consignment stock (Konsignationslager, Ware bleibt so lange im Stock, bis Kunde sie aufbraucht)
- Avaiable for consumption
- Owned by the vendor
- Liabilities only for consumed quantities
Procurement for Stock bs. Procurement for Consumption
1) Material braucht Master Record
