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Product Design > Materials, Characteristics and Uses > Flashcards

Materials, Characteristics and Uses Flashcards

1
Q

What is compressive strength?

A

The ability of a material to withstand being crushed.

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2
Q

What is tensile strength?

A

The ability of a material to withstand stretching/ pulling forces.

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3
Q

What is bending strength?

A

The ability of a material to withstand forces that may bend it.

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4
Q

What is torsional strength?

A

The ability of a material to withstand twisting forces.

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5
Q

What is hardness?

A

The ability of a material to resist abrasive wear (scratches).

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6
Q

What is toughness?

A

The ability of a material to absorb impact force without fracture.

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7
Q

What is plasticity?

A

The ability of a material to be permanently deformed and then retain the same shape.

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8
Q

What is ductility?

A

The ability of a material to be drawn out under tension.

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9
Q

What is malleability?

A

The ability of a material to be permanently deformed by compression without fracture.

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10
Q

What is elasticity?

A

The ability of a material to be deformed and return to its original shape.

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11
Q

What are ferrous and non-ferrous metals?

A

A ferrous metal is a metal that contains iron, they will rust and are magnetic. (Low carbon steel, mild steel and cast iron)
A non-ferrous metal is a metal that does not contain iron, they will not rust and aren’t magnetic. (Aluminum, zinc, copper, gold and tin)

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12
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A material made up of two or more elements, where one of which must be a metal. They can ferrous or non-ferrous. (Stainless steel, bronze, pewter and brass)

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13
Q

What is a hardwood and a softwood?

A

A hardwood is a wood from a deciduous tree, they are slow growing and will lose their leaves. (Oak, ash, mahogany, teak, birch and beech).
A softwood is a wood from a coniferous tree, they are fast growing and tend to evergreen. (Spruce, pine, Douglas fir, redwood, cedar and larch).

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14
Q

What is manufactured board?

A

A wood made by humans, it is a composite and can come in larger sizes than hard or soft woods. (Plywood, MDF, chipboard, aero ply, and marine ply).

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15
Q

What is a thermoplastic?

A

A polymer that can repeatedly be reheated and reshaped, they are easier to recycle. (HDPE, PP, HIPS, PET).

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16
Q

What is a thermosetting polymer?

A

A polymer that when heated undergoes a chemical change so that it can’t be reshaped. (Urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde, polyester resin and epoxy resin).

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17
Q

What is an elastomer?

A

At room temperature these polymers can be deformed under pressure and return to its original shape. (Natural rubber, polybutadiene, neoprene and silicone).

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18
Q

What are composites?

A

A material with two or more different materials, the new material will have enhanced properties. (Carbon fibre reinforced plastic, GFRP, tungsten carbide, concrete and fibre cement).

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19
Q

What is a smart material?

A

A material whose physical properties change in response to a change in the environment like electricity, pressure, temperature and light. (Thermochromic pigment/ film and photochromatic pigment).

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20
Q

What is a modern material?

A

A material that has been developed through the invention of new processes. (Kevlar, precious metal clay, high density modelling foam).

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21
Q

What is layout paper?

A

Thin, translucent paper with a smooth surface.
Used for sketching tracing and technical drawings.

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22
Q

What is cartridge paper?

A

Off-white paper, with a textured surface.
Used for sketching and rendering.

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23
Q

What is tracing paper?

A

Translucent paper, slightly thicker than layout paper.
Used for copying images when sketching.

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24
Q

What is bleed-proof paper?

A

Cartridge paper with a bleed-proof layer so colours don’t run.
Used for spirit-based marker rendering.

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25
Q

What is treated paper?

A

Plain paper with a dye layer to help hold an image in place and brighten it.
Used for photographic printing.

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26
Q

What is watercolour paper?

A

Paper with a textured surface that is used for watercolour painting.

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27
Q

What is corrugated card?

A

The corrugated middle layer gives the card some protection against impact. Used in protective packaging and model making.

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28
Q

What is bleached card?

A

Chemically treated to brighten the surface, to make it good for high quality printing.
Used to make greeting cards.

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29
Q

What is mount board?

A

Compressed fine cotton fibers to produce rigid board.
Used mostly to present artwork.

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30
Q

What is duplex card?

A

Made of two layers of paper, with a waxy, water resistant coating.
Used for food packaging like juice cartons.

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31
Q

What is moulded paper pulp?

A

Recycled paper pulp moulded when wet, then dried into a specific shape.
Used for eco-friendly packaging.

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32
Q

What is metal effect card?

A

High quality card with a metal effect layer to enhance aesthetics.
Used for gift box and embossed business cards.

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33
Q

What is foil backed and laminated card?

A

A card with a polymer film to provide a water resistant layer.
Used for drinks packaging.

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34
Q

Oak (Hardwood)

A

Hard, tough, with an attractive grain and good weather resistance.
Used for indoor furniture and flooring.

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35
Q

Ash (Hardwood)

A

Tough, attractive open grain, which makes it flexible.
Used for tool handles and laminating.

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36
Q

Mahogany (Hardwood)

A

Dark red wood with an interlocking grain, which makes it difficult to work with.
Used for high quality furniture.

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37
Q

Teak (Hardwood)

A

Hard, tough, durable, their natural oils resist moisture.
Used for outdoor furniture and decking.

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38
Q

Birch (Hardwood)

A

Hard, straight closed grain that resists warping.
Used for furniture, veneers and plywood construction.

39
Q

Beech (Hardwood)

A

Tough, hard, has a closed grain and does not impart taste onto food.
Used for chopping boards and bowls.

40
Q

Pine (Softwood)

A

Straight grain that is sometimes knotty.
Used for timber frame construction and simple joinery.

41
Q

Spruce (Softwood)

A

Straight grain, resistant to splitting.
Used for indoor furniture.

42
Q

Douglas fir (Softwood)

A

Straight or slightly wavy grain, few knots and resistant to corrosion.
Used for construction work.

43
Q

Larch (Softwood)

A

Hard, tough, attractive grain, with a good resistance to moisture.
Used for garden furniture, decking and fencing.

44
Q

Cedar (Softwood)

A

Lightweight and resistance to moisture.
Used for sheds and exterior cladding.

45
Q

Plywood (Manufactured board)

A

Thin layers of wood glued at 90 degrees and compressed. Good strength with no grain weakness.
Used for floorboards and cheaper furniture.

46
Q

Marineply (Manufactured board)

A

Similar to plywood but is resistant to moisture.
Used for boat construction.

47
Q

Aeroply (Manufactured board)

A

Lightweight and easy to bend around a support frame.
Used for laminated furniture and gliders.

48
Q

Flexiply (Manufactured board)

A

A flexible plywood, that can be bent and and glued to form a solid shape.
Used for laminated furniture and curved panels.

49
Q

Chipboard (Manufactured board)

A

Wood chips compressed with a resin like UF.
Often veneered or covered with a polymer laminate for kitchen worktops or units and flat-pack furniture.

50
Q

MDF (Manufactured board)

A

Compressed wood fibres.
Used for model making or furniture like bookcases.

51
Q

Veneers

A

Thin slices of wood, used for decorative coverings for manufactured boards.

52
Q

MF laminates

A

Thin sheets of MF polymer, hard, tough and chemical resistant.
Used for decorative coverings on chipboard.

53
Q

What is foam board?

A

Two outer layers of card with a foam core.
Used for mood board backing and presentation boards.

54
Q

What is fluted PP sheet?

A

Lightweight, easily bent along the flutes.
Used for signage.

55
Q

What is translucent PP sheet?

A

Tough, impossible to tear and water resistant. Scored to create a hinge.
Used for packaging products.

56
Q

What is styrofoam?

A

Dense foam that can be cut, shaped and sanded with workshop tools.
Used for product modelling.

57
Q

What is LDPE sheet?

A

A tough thermoplastic, flexible, corrosion and chemical resistant.
Used for food wrapping, bubble wrap and carrier bags.

58
Q

What is plastazote foam?

A

Tough, flexible, impermeable to liquids and impact resistant.
Used for swimming floats, exercise mats and protective packaging.

59
Q

What is cellulose acetate?

A

Transparent, tough and naturally biodegradable.
Used for photographic film.

60
Q

What is polylactide?

A

Transparent, tough and naturally biodegradable.
Used for biodegradable packaging film.

61
Q

Aluminum (Non-ferrous metal)

A

Lightweight, ductile, malleable and an electrical and thermal conductor.
Used for drinks cans, bike frames and pans.

62
Q

Copper (Non-ferrous metal)

A

Ductile, malleable, tough, corrosion resistant and an electrical and thermal conductor.
Used for electrical wire and plumbing supplies.

63
Q

Zinc (Non-ferrous metal)

A

Low melting point and corrosion resistant.
Used for protective coatings for dustbins and buckets.

64
Q

Silver (Non-ferrous metal)

A

Malleable, ductile and corrosion resistant.
Used for jewellery and cutlery.

65
Q

Gold (Non-ferrous metal)

A

Malleable, ductile and corrosion resistant.
Used for jewellery and electrical components.

66
Q

Titanium (Non-ferrous metal)

A

Hard, good strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistant.
Used for joint replacements, golf clubs and aircrafts.

67
Q

Tin (Non-ferrous metal)

A

Ductile, malleable and corrosion resistant.
Used for protective coatings for food cans.

68
Q

Low-carbon steel (Ferrous metal)

A

Ductile, high tensile strength, tough, malleable and poor corrosion resistant.
Used for nuts, bolts, washers and screws.

69
Q

Medium-carbon steel (Ferrous metal)

A

Malleable, tough. Harder than low-carbon steel but less ductile.
Used for springs and gardening tools.

70
Q

Cast iron (Ferrous metal)

A

Hard skin but brittle core, good compression strength and can easily be cast.
Used for Disc brakes, machine parts and pans.

71
Q

Stainless steel (Ferrous alloy)

A

Tough, hard and corrosion resistant.
Used for cutlery and kitchenware.

72
Q

High speed steel (Ferrous alloy)

A

Hard, tough and high resistance to frictional heat.
Used for tool blades and drill bits.

73
Q

Die steel (Ferrous alloy)

A

Hard and tough.
Used for blanking punches and dies.

74
Q

Bronze (Non-ferrous alloys)

A

Tough, corrosion resistant and can easily be cast.
Used for statues and coins.

75
Q

Brass (Non-ferrous alloys)

A

Corrosion resistant, a good electrical and thermal conductor. Also casts well.
Used for furniture fixings, taps and instruments.

76
Q

Duralumin (Non-ferrous alloys)

A

Similar strength to low-carbon steel but more lightweight and ductile.
Used for aircrafts and vehicle parts.

77
Q

Pewter (Non-ferrous alloys)

A

Malleable, low melting point and casts well.
Used for tankards, goblets and trophies.

78
Q

LDPE (Thermoplastic)

A

Tough, chemical resistant, weatherproof and a low rigidity.
Used for squeezy detergent bottles, bin liners and carrier bags.

79
Q

HDPE (Thermoplastic)

A

Tough, chemical resistant and weatherproof.
Used for chemical drums, bags for life and buckets.

80
Q

PP (Thermoplastic)

A

Chemical resistant, good fatigue resistance and tough.
Used for food containers and hinged container lids.

81
Q

HIPS (Thermoplastic)

A

Hard, rigid, tough and lightweight.
Used for yogurt pots and toilet seats.

82
Q

ABS (Thermoplastic)

A

Very tough and hard.
Used for rigid luggage, remotes and calculators.

83
Q

PMMA (Thermoplastic)

A

Tough, hard and has good chemical resistance.
Used for car light casings, lighting covers and baths.

84
Q

Nylon (Thermoplastics)

A

Tough, corrosion and temperature resistant.
Used for Bearings, gears, textiles and cable ties.

85
Q

uPVC (Thermoplastic)

A

Rigid, tough, hard and has good for weathering, chemical and fire resistance.
Used for window frames and guttering.

85
Q

PVC (Thermoplastic)

A

Tough and has good weathering and chemical resistance.
Used for hose pipes, cable insulation and imitation leather.

86
Q

Urea formaldehyde (Thermoset polymer)

A

Hard, heat resistant and is a good electrical insulator but is brittle.
Used for electrical fittings.

87
Q

Melamine formaldehyde (Thermoset polymer)

A

Hard. tough, both heat and chemical resistant and is food safe.
Used for decorative laminates and picnic ware.

88
Q

Polyester resin (Thermoset polymer)

A

Rigid, heat and chemical resistant but is brittle.
Used for castings, car parts, in GRP and boat hulls.

89
Q

Epoxy resin (Thermoset polymer)

A

Rigid, clear, hard, tough and has a good chemical resistance.
Used for adhesives, in CFRP and electrical component casings.

90
Q

Natural rubber (Elastomer)

A

High tensile strength, good hardness compared to other elastomers. Is tough, a good electrical insulator and good cold resistance.
Used for tyres, hoses and footwear.

91
Q

Butadiene rubber (Elastomer)

A

Tough, good wear and thermal resistance against friction and is a good electrical insulator.
Used for tyres, shoe soles, conveyor belts, water and pneumatic hoses.

92
Q

Neoprene (Elastomer)

A

Good thermal and chemical resistance as well as good weather and abrasion resistance. It is tough and a good electrical insulator.
Used for wetsuits, shock absorbers and gaskets.

93
Q

Silicone (Elastomer)

A

Has good flexibility, poor abrasion but good thermal, weather and extreme temp resistance. Also has good lubricating qualities and is a good electrical insulator. Used for flexible ice cube trays, fridge/ freezer seals, bake wear and cooking utensils.

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