Materials and their applications Flashcards
Classes of materials
Ferrous, non ferrous, ceramics, polymers, composites, smart materials
Ferrous metals
Characterised by their strength, hardness and their conductive properties but are susceptible to rust
Non ferrous metals
More resistant to corrosion but may be less strong. They’re often used for their good thermal and electrical conductivity
Ceramics
Hard, strong but brittle. Good insulators. Have uses ranging from kitchenware to electronics to bio-medical applications.
Polymers
Have large variety and wide range of properties - flexible, durable and resistant to chemicals and electricity
Composites
Consist of two or more constituent materials designed to have properties superior to those of the individual components
Smart materials
Respond to changes in their environment such as temperature or light. They have a range of advanced and specialised uses.
Mechanical properties
Strength, hardness, ductility and toughness
Physical properties
Density, electrical and thermal conductivity and melting point
Environmental impact of materials
Life-cycle analysis, potential for recycling
Material selection and use
Selection of materials for a given application must be linked to the desired properties and characteristics, the manufacturing processes available and the environmental footprint. Understanding the impact of processes and conditions on material properties is crucial, including annealing, work hardening, heat treatment and tempering.
Knowledge of joining techniques such as welding, brazing, riveting and using adhesives is essential
Understanding mechanical systems
Understanding how material selection impacts on mechanical systems is crucial. Key considerations include understanding the impact on friction, lubrication and wear and tear.
Material testing
Involves finding key properties and behaviours under a set of conditions. This may include studying the effect of load, temperature, corrosion and so on.
