Enhancement of materials

Question 1

Surface treatments

Answer 1

Employed for protection and to enhance surface properties of materials. They can increase corrosion resistance, surface hardness, wear resistance and aesthetics. Examples include galvanising, anodising, painting and powder coating.

Question 2

Heat treatments

Answer 2

Alter the internal structure of materials, especially metals to change their properties. Improve hardness, impact resistance and ductility.
Techniques include annealing, tempering, quenching and case hardening

Question 3

Reinforcement in composites

Answer 3

In the form of fibres or particulates, used to increase the strength, stiffness and fracture toughness. Polymer matrix composites frequently use glass, aramid or carbon frisbees as reinforcement

Question 4

Additives in polymers

Answer 4

The properties of polymers can be manipulated and improved to suit specific requirements. Plasticisers increase flexibility, flame retardants, reduce flammability, UV stabilisers protect against UV radiants, antioxidants prevent degradation.

Question 5

Necessity of material enhancement

Answer 5

Crucial to meet diverse needs in different areas such as construction, transportation, healthcare and electronics.
It helps optimise the use of materials often enabling cost effective solutions and minimising environmental impact.