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Product Design > Materials and their application > Flashcards

Materials and their application Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two principal categories of material properties

A

Mechanical and physical

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2
Q

Mechanical properties

A

These are how materials react to external forces

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3
Q

Physical properties

A

These are associated with the actual make up/structure of the material

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4
Q

Compressive strength (mechanical)

A

The ability to withstand being crushed or shortened

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5
Q

Tensile strength (mechanical)

A

The ability to resist stretching or pulling forces

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6
Q

Bending strength (mechanical)

A

The ability to resist forces that may bend the material

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7
Q

Shear strength (mechanical)

A

The ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane

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8
Q

Torsional strength (mechanical)

A

The ability to withstand twisting forces

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9
Q

Hardness (mechanical)

A

The ability to resist abrasive wear such as scratching or indentation

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10
Q

Toughness (mechanical)

A

The ability to absorb impact force without a fracture

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11
Q

Plasticity (mechanical)

A

The ability to be permanently deformed and retained the deformed shape

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12
Q

Ductility (mechanical)

A

The ability to be drawn out under tension reducing the cross sectional area without cracking it

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13
Q

Malleability (mechanical)

A

The ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking or breaking. Increases with rise of temperature

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14
Q

Ferrous metals

A

Metal containing iron and carbon, they are magnetic and will rust

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15
Q

Examples of ferrous metals

A

Low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and cast iron

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16
Q

Non-ferrous metals

A

A metal not containing metal and it doesn’t rust and isn’t magnetic

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17
Q

Examples of non-ferrous metals

A

Aluminium, copper, zinc, gold, titanium and tin

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18
Q

Examples of alloys

A

Ferrous alloys: stainless steel, and die steel
Non-ferrous alloys: Bronze, brass duralumin and pewter

18
Q

Hardwoods

A

A wood from a deciduous tree, which is very slow growing and lose there leaves.

18
Q

Alloy

A

An alloy is a metal made out of two or more metals or combining two or more metal elements

18
Q

Examples of hardwoods

A

Oak, ash, mahogany, teak, birch and beech

19
Q

Softwoods

A

A wood from an coniferous tree which are fast growing and tend to be evergreen

20
Q

Examples of softwoods

A

Pine, spruce, douglas fir, cedar, redwood and larch

21
Q

Manufactured board

A

A man-made wood-based composite material

22
Q

Examples of manufactured board

A

Plywood, chipboard and MDF

23
Q

Thermoplastics

A

These are materials that can be repeatedly reheated and reshaped allowing it to be recycled.

24
Q

Examples of thermoplastics

A

LDPE, HDPE, PP, HIPS, PVC and ABS

25
Q

Thermosetting polymers

A

A material that when heated undergoes a chemical change. They cannot be reheated or reshaped even under high temperatures.

26
Q

Examples of thermosetting polymers

A

Urea formaldehyde, melamine and epoxy resin.

27
Q

Elastomer

A

A material that at room temperature can be deformed under pressure and then upon release of pressure will return back to its original shape.

28
Q

Examples of elastomers

A

Natural rubber, neoprene and silicone

29
Q

Composite

A

A material composed of two or more different materials giving it enhanced properties.

30
Q

What can composites be

A

Fibre based, sheet based and particle based

31
Q

Examples of composites

A

Carbon fibre, glass fibre reinforced plastic, tungsten carbide and composite board

32
Q

Smart material

A

A material whose physical properties change in response to an input or change in the environment such as light, temperature and pressure

33
Q

Examples of smart materials

A

Shape memory alloys, photochromic pigment and phosphorescent pigment

34
Q

Modern material

A

A material developed through the invention of new or improved processes

35
Q

Examples of modern materials

A

Kevlar, PMC and high density modelling foam

36
Q

Tensile testing

A

Clamps material samples into a vice and applies weights to the other end and you can see how much it is stretched or pulled

37
Q

Toughness testing

A

Material is placed inside a clamp and then hit with a hammer to see how much impact it can take. Brittle materials will shatter

38
Q

What are the two types of hardness testing

A

Abrasive (using sandpaper) and indentation (using a dot punch)

39
Q

Malleability testing

A

Place material in vice. Try try to bend the piece 90 degrees, cracks on the outside show bad ductility and cracks on the inside shows lack of malleability

40
Q

Corrosion testing

A

Leave a material outside exposed to the elements and observe the results

41
Q

The two types of conductivity testing

A

Electrical conductivity (multimeter) and thermal conductivity (thermometer)

Product Design (4 decks)

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