Materials and Components: Timber Flashcards
What are the two types of wood?
HARDWOOD or SOFTWOOD
What are 3 features of Softwoods?
- Grow in colder climates
- Fast growing (makes them cheap)
- Evergreen and coniferous (e.g. cones, needles, pine)
What are 2 examples of Softwoods?
- Scots pine
2. Parana pine
What are 4 features of scots pine?
- Yellow with brown streaks
- Strong
- Cheap
- Knotty (black spots) which makes it harder to work with
What are 3 uses of scots pine?
- Telegraph poles
- Fences
- Cheap furniture
What are 4 features of parana pine?
- Pale yellow with red streaks
- Hard
- Not very knotty (compared to Scots pine)
- More expensive (than Scots pine)
What are 2 uses of parana pine?
High-quality joinery such as:
- Interior doors
- Stairs
What are 6 features of Hardwoods?
- Grow in warm climates
- Slow growing (makes them more expensive than softwoods)
- Broad, flat leaves
- Usually deciduous (sheds its leaves annually)
- Tends to have a tighter grain (than softwoods)
- Denser and harder than softwoods
What are 4 examples of hardwoods?
Mahogany, Teak Ash, Beech
What are 2 features of Mahogany?
- Red-brown colours
2. Expensive
What are two uses of Mahogany?
Good quality furniture, e.g. tables/benches
What are 4 features of Teak?
- Golden brown
- Hard
- Weather-resistant
- Expensive
What are 2 uses of Teak?
- Garden furniture
2. Window Frames
What are 4 features of Ash?
- Pale cream colour
- Tough
- Flexible
- Takes finishes well
What is one use of Ash?
Tool handles
What are 3 uses of Beech?
- Pinkish-brown
- Hard enough to resist being dented
- Can be bent using steam
What are 2 uses of Beech?
- Chairs
2. Toys
What are 5 forms of wood?
- Different sizes, e.g. planks and strips
- Planed Square Edge (PSE), wood has its rough surfaces shaved off with an electric planer.
- Rough sawn wood is not smoothed after it’s cut - so it’s cheaper and useful for construction work where it won’t be visible.
- Mouldings - hardwood strips that come in a range of cross-sections. They’re used for skirting board, door frames and picture frames.
- Veneers are thin cuts of wood that are glued onto other materials to give them a nice appearance.
What are 4 ways of protecting wood?
- Apply woodstain to enhance the appearance of its grain.
- Oil maintains the wood’s natural appearance.
- Paint is often used to colour and protect wood.
- Polyurethane varnish can be used to seal and protect the surface of the wood, and give it a smooth surface finish.
What are two types of paint that protect wood?
What are some features of these paints?
- Emulsion paints: cheap but they are water-based, so they don’t protect wood from water.
- Polyurethane paint is more expensive but it is waterproof and much tougher.
What are the 4 basic stages in felling wood?
- The trees are felled (cut down) from a plantation/forest.
- If the tree is from a plantation/sustainably managed forest, other trees will be planted to replace it.
- The bark is removed and the trunk is sawn up.
- The wood is then seasoned by drying it - this makes the wood stronger and less likely to rot or twist.
What are the 5 sorts of manufactured boards?
- Plywood
- Blockboard
- Chipboard
- MDF
- Hardboard
What are 3 features of Plywood?
- Made up of layers of wood glued with their grain at 90 degrees to each other - making it strong compared to wood.
- It can be bent, which makes it useful for curved furniture.
- The outside board can be finished with a veneer.
What are 2 uses of Plywood?
Building
General construction
What are 4 features of Blockboard?
- Isn’t as strong as plywood but it’s a cheap substitute when you need thicker board.
- Strips of softwood (usually pine or spruce) between 7mm-25mm thick are glued together, side by side, and sandwiched between one or two layers of veneer on each side.
- The veneers add strength to make the board look nicer.
- The outer veneers are glued with their grain at right angles to the grain of the inner core - this makes the board stronger.
