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A-Level Product Design > materials and components > Flashcards

materials and components Flashcards

1
Q

natural materials

A

deirved from plants, animals or ore
e.g wood, wool

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2
Q

composite materials

A

two or more materials bonded or combined together to improve properties
e.g plastics

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3
Q

synthetic materials

A

man made via scientific processes
e.g carbon fibre, nylon, kevlar

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4
Q

smart material

A

react to environment when introduced to stimuli
e.g thermochromic ink, photochromic glass

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5
Q

regenerated material

A

re used or processed into different material

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6
Q

alloys

A

mixture of elements where one is metal
e.g steel, brass etc

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7
Q

polymer

A

synthetic (designed by chemical engineers) to meet customer demands, fall into two categories: thermosetting plastic or thermoplastic

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8
Q

thermoplastics

A

can be reshaped by heating

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9
Q

which plastics are thermoplastics?

A

-PET
-PVC
-PP
-HDPE
-LDPE
-ABS
-Acrylic
-Nylon
-HIPS

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10
Q

thermosetting plastics

A

cannot be reshaped by heating so can withstand higher temperatures

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11
Q

which plastics are thermosetting plastics?

A

-polyester resin
-epoxy resin
-urea formaldehyde

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12
Q

conductivity

A

conduct heat or electricity

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13
Q

strength

A

withstand impact or force without deforming or breaking

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14
Q

elasticity

A

bend or deform and return to original shape

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15
Q

plasticity

A

permanently change form or shape

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16
Q

malleability

A

material deformed or bent in all directions without breaking

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17
Q

ductility

A

stretch without breaking

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18
Q

hardness

A

withstand scratches, indentation and wear

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19
Q

toughness

A

withstand sudden impact or blows without breaking

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20
Q

durability

A

withstand constant wear

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21
Q

wool properties

A

good thermal qualities and resistance to fire

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22
Q

copper properties

A

-non ferrous metal
-melting point of 1100 degrees
-good electrical and heat conductivity
-good resistance to corrosion
-ductile
-malleable

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23
Q

copper uses

A

electrical wire, saucepans and copper water pipe

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24
Q

how is plywood made

A

layers of hardwood veneer bonded together with the grain direction in each layer laid at a 90 degrees to the previous layer

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25
Q

red cedar properties

A

-softwood
-resistance to rotting
-expensive

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26
Q

red cedar uses

A

outdoor e.g shed

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27
Q

oak wood properties

A

-hardwood
-tough and durable
-resistant to rot and damp environment

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28
Q

oak wood uses

A

-high quality furniture
-flooring
-fences

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29
Q

chipboard properties

A

-used when appearance and strength are less important than cost
-prone to expansion and discolouration

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30
Q

chipboard uses

A

-ikea furniture

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31
Q

carbon fibre properties

A

-high strength to weight ratio
-high tensile strength

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32
Q

carbon fibre uses

A

-racing car shells

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33
Q

Glass reinforced plastic (GRP) properties

A

-high strength to weight ratio
-durable
-weather resistant

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34
Q

Glass reinforced plastic (GRP) uses

A

-surgical casts
-garden products
-outdoor play equipment

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35
Q

kevlar properties

A

-impact resistant
-high strength to weight ratio
-durable

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36
Q

kevlar uses

A

-protective equipment and body armour
-phone cases

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37
Q

nylon properties

A

-tough and durable
-food safe
-resistant to wear

38
Q

nylon uses

A

-kitchen utensils
-guitar strings
-dog togs
-gears

39
Q

acrylic properties

A

-many colours
-resistant to chemicals
-brittle on impact much less likely to break then glass
-thermoplastic so can be moulded with heat

40
Q

acrylic uses

A

-lenses
-car headlamp covers

41
Q

melamine formaldehyde properties

A

-heat resistant
-non-toxic
-hard and rigid
-excellent surface finish

42
Q

melamine formaldehyde uses

A

-dishes

43
Q

epoxy resin properties

A

-thermosetting polymer
-electrical and heat insulation properties

44
Q

epoxy resin uses

A

-white powder coatings
-adhesives

45
Q

PET properties

A

-moderate chemical resistance
-transparent

46
Q

PET uses

A

-bottles
-food containers

47
Q

PC properties

A

-transparent
-tough

48
Q

PC uses

A

-used as a safer alternative for glass
-1st gen iMac
-protective glasses

49
Q

HDPE properties

A

-strong and stiff
-excellent chemical resistance
-excellent finish

50
Q

HDPE uses

A

-bowls
-buckets
-pipes

51
Q

PVC properties

A

-good chemical and weather resistance
-tough and stiff
-lightweight

52
Q

PVC uses

A

-pipes
-guttering
-window frames
-bottles

53
Q

LDPE properties

A

-tough
-flexible
-good chemical resistance

54
Q

LDPE uses

A

-toys
-transparent packaging
-carrier bags

55
Q

PP properties

A

-lightweight
-food safe
-excellent chemical resistance
-good electrical insulator

56
Q

PP uses

A

-food containers
-rope

57
Q

HIPS properties

A

-stiff
-good impact resistance
-scratch resistant

58
Q

HIPS uses

A

-toys
-refrigerator linings

59
Q

ABS properties

A

-tough and durable
-rigid and stiff
-high impact resistance

60
Q

ABS uses

A

-Lego
-many household items (e.g telephone, kettle)

61
Q

thermochromic ink

A

changes colour depending on the temperature

62
Q

thermochromatic material properties

A

change colour in different temperatures

63
Q

thermochromatic material uses

A

smart colour pigments in plastics e.g kettle, baby bottle, mug etc

64
Q

photochromic glass

A

changes colour when subjected to light e.g lenses on expensive sunglasses that darken in the light

65
Q

what is the difference between ferrous and non ferrous metals

A

if the metal is iron or contains it it’s ferrous, all other are non-ferrous

66
Q

examples of ferrous metals

A

-steel
-stainless steel
-cast iron

67
Q

examples of non-ferrous metals

A

-aluminium
-copper
-brass

68
Q

properties of ferrous metals

A

-magnetic
-rusts
-durable

69
Q

cast iron properties

A

-strong but brittle
-resistant to rust
-easily cut into shapes

70
Q

cast iron uses

A

saucepans

71
Q

non-ferrous metal properties

A

-don’t contain iron (will not rust)
-non magnetic

72
Q

zinc properties

A

-resistant to corrosion
-brittle
-recyclable

73
Q

zinc uses

A

-coatings
-rubbish bins

74
Q

low carbon mild steel properties

A

-tough and durable
-shaped and cut
-will rust

75
Q

low carbon mild steel uses

A

-car bodies
-nails
-frames

76
Q

high carbon steel properties

A

harder then low carbon mild steel

77
Q

high carbon steel uses

A

-tools
-blades

78
Q

stainless steel properties

A

-tough
-hard to cut
-good resistance to corrosion

79
Q

stainless steel uses

A

-cutlery
-saucepans
-sinks

80
Q

what factors must be considered before carrying out the finishing product

A

function, protection and aesthetics

81
Q

what is anodising

A

electrical process of giving aluminium a decorative coloured coating

82
Q

what is galvanising

A

mild steel dipped in hot molten zinc for a coating

83
Q

how does galvanising protect the material

A

mild steel rusts when exposed to water but zinc does not

84
Q

why are varnish, teak oil and wax used

A

to enhance the grain to make product look better and to protect against the weather

85
Q

what is plastic coating

A

mild Steel heated and dipped in polythene powder
gives good protection and has many colours

86
Q

how does powder coating work

A

electrically charged plastic powder that sticks to the metal
then the metal is placed in a kiln so that the plastic coating cures and sticks to the metal

87
Q

what are examples of permanent joints

A

-welding and soldering
-brazing
-adhesive

88
Q

what are examples of temporary joints

A

-nuts and bolts
-screws
-clips
-brackets
-knock-down fittings

89
Q

knock down fittings

A

-put together using a screwdriver
-temporary
-used for flatpacks

90
Q

advantages of use of knockdown fittings in flatpack furniture

A

+cheaper- manufacture doesn’t have to pay anyone to assemble
+less space to store in warehouse
+transport costs lower

91
Q

disadvantages of use of knockdown fittings in flatpack furniture

A

-can be difficult to assemble
-quality can be poor

A-Level Product Design (8 decks)

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