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A-Level Product Design > materials and components > Flashcards

materials and components Flashcards

1
Q

natural materials

A

deirved from plants, animals or ore
e.g wood, wool

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2
Q

composite materials

A

two or more materials bonded or combined together to improve properties
e.g plastics

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3
Q

synthetic materials

A

man made via scientific processes
e.g carbon fibre, nylon, kevlar

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4
Q

smart material

A

react to environment when introduced to stimuli
e.g thermochromic ink, photochromic glass

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5
Q

regenerated material

A

re used or processed into different material

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6
Q

alloys

A

mixture of elements where one is metal
e.g steel, brass etc

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7
Q

polymer

A

synthetic (designed by chemical engineers) to meet customer demands, fall into two categories: thermosetting plastic or thermoplastic

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8
Q

thermoplastics

A

can be reshaped by heating

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9
Q

which plastics are thermoplastics?

A

-PET
-PVC
-PP
-HDPE
-LDPE
-ABS
-Acrylic
-Nylon
-HIPS

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10
Q

thermosetting plastics

A

cannot be reshaped by heating so can withstand higher temperatures

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11
Q

which plastics are thermosetting plastics?

A

-polyester resin
-epoxy resin
-urea formaldehyde

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12
Q

conductivity

A

conduct heat or electricity

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13
Q

strength

A

withstand impact or force without deforming or breaking

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14
Q

elasticity

A

bend or deform and return to original shape

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15
Q

plasticity

A

permanently change form or shape

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16
Q

malleability

A

material deformed or bent in all directions without breaking

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17
Q

ductility

A

stretch without breaking

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18
Q

hardness

A

withstand scratches, indentation and wear

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19
Q

toughness

A

withstand sudden impact or blows without breaking

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20
Q

durability

A

withstand constant wear

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21
Q

wool properties

A

good thermal qualities and resistance to fire

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22
Q

copper properties

A

-non ferrous metal
-melting point of 1100 degrees
-good electrical and heat conductivity
-good resistance to corrosion
-ductile
-malleable

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23
Q

copper uses

A

electrical wire, saucepans and copper water pipe

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24
Q

how is plywood made

A

layers of hardwood veneer bonded together with the grain direction in each layer laid at a 90 degrees to the previous layer

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25
red cedar properties
-softwood -resistance to rotting -expensive
26
red cedar uses
outdoor e.g shed
27
oak wood properties
-hardwood -tough and durable -resistant to rot and damp environment
28
oak wood uses
-high quality furniture -flooring -fences
29
chipboard properties
-used when appearance and strength are less important than cost -prone to expansion and discolouration
30
chipboard uses
-ikea furniture
31
carbon fibre properties
-high strength to weight ratio -high tensile strength
32
carbon fibre uses
-racing car shells
33
Glass reinforced plastic (GRP) properties
-high strength to weight ratio -durable -weather resistant
34
Glass reinforced plastic (GRP) uses
-surgical casts -garden products -outdoor play equipment
35
kevlar properties
-impact resistant -high strength to weight ratio -durable
36
kevlar uses
-protective equipment and body armour -phone cases
37
nylon properties
-tough and durable -food safe -resistant to wear
38
nylon uses
-kitchen utensils -guitar strings -dog togs -gears
39
acrylic properties
-many colours -resistant to chemicals -brittle on impact much less likely to break then glass -thermoplastic so can be moulded with heat
40
acrylic uses
-lenses -car headlamp covers
41
melamine formaldehyde properties
-heat resistant -non-toxic -hard and rigid -excellent surface finish
42
melamine formaldehyde uses
-dishes
43
epoxy resin properties
-thermosetting polymer -electrical and heat insulation properties
44
epoxy resin uses
-white powder coatings -adhesives
45
PET properties
-moderate chemical resistance -transparent
46
PET uses
-bottles -food containers
47
PC properties
-transparent -tough
48
PC uses
-used as a safer alternative for glass -1st gen iMac -protective glasses
49
HDPE properties
-strong and stiff -excellent chemical resistance -excellent finish
50
HDPE uses
-bowls -buckets -pipes
51
PVC properties
-good chemical and weather resistance -tough and stiff -lightweight
52
PVC uses
-pipes -guttering -window frames -bottles
53
LDPE properties
-tough -flexible -good chemical resistance
54
LDPE uses
-toys -transparent packaging -carrier bags
55
PP properties
-lightweight -food safe -excellent chemical resistance -good electrical insulator
56
PP uses
-food containers -rope
57
HIPS properties
-stiff -good impact resistance -scratch resistant
58
HIPS uses
-toys -refrigerator linings
59
ABS properties
-tough and durable -rigid and stiff -high impact resistance
60
ABS uses
-Lego -many household items (e.g telephone, kettle)
61
thermochromic ink
changes colour depending on the temperature
62
thermochromatic material properties
change colour in different temperatures
63
thermochromatic material uses
smart colour pigments in plastics e.g kettle, baby bottle, mug etc
64
photochromic glass
changes colour when subjected to light e.g lenses on expensive sunglasses that darken in the light
65
what is the difference between ferrous and non ferrous metals
if the metal is iron or contains it it's ferrous, all other are non-ferrous
66
examples of ferrous metals
-steel -stainless steel -cast iron
67
examples of non-ferrous metals
-aluminium -copper -brass
68
properties of ferrous metals
-magnetic -rusts -durable
69
cast iron properties
-strong but brittle -resistant to rust -easily cut into shapes
70
cast iron uses
saucepans
71
non-ferrous metal properties
-don't contain iron (will not rust) -non magnetic
72
zinc properties
-resistant to corrosion -brittle -recyclable
73
zinc uses
-coatings -rubbish bins
74
low carbon mild steel properties
-tough and durable -shaped and cut -will rust
75
low carbon mild steel uses
-car bodies -nails -frames
76
high carbon steel properties
harder then low carbon mild steel
77
high carbon steel uses
-tools -blades
78
stainless steel properties
-tough -hard to cut -good resistance to corrosion
79
stainless steel uses
-cutlery -saucepans -sinks
80
what factors must be considered before carrying out the finishing product
function, protection and aesthetics
81
what is anodising
electrical process of giving aluminium a decorative coloured coating
82
what is galvanising
mild steel dipped in hot molten zinc for a coating
83
how does galvanising protect the material
mild steel rusts when exposed to water but zinc does not
84
why are varnish, teak oil and wax used
to enhance the grain to make product look better and to protect against the weather
85
what is plastic coating
mild Steel heated and dipped in polythene powder gives good protection and has many colours
86
how does powder coating work
electrically charged plastic powder that sticks to the metal then the metal is placed in a kiln so that the plastic coating cures and sticks to the metal
87
what are examples of permanent joints
-welding and soldering -brazing -adhesive
88
what are examples of temporary joints
-nuts and bolts -screws -clips -brackets -knock-down fittings
89
knock down fittings
-put together using a screwdriver -temporary -used for flatpacks
90
advantages of use of knockdown fittings in flatpack furniture
+cheaper- manufacture doesn't have to pay anyone to assemble +less space to store in warehouse +transport costs lower
91
disadvantages of use of knockdown fittings in flatpack furniture
-can be difficult to assemble -quality can be poor

A-Level Product Design (8 decks)

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