Materials

Question 1

How is paper made

Answer 1

Wood chips soaked in water to create wood pulp mush, chemicals are added and water is drained, put through a mesh and the fibres are rolled into a long piece of paper

Question 2

Name 5 types of paper/board and give a use

Answer 2

Layout - used for designing
Cartridge - drawing 
Cardboard - packaging
Duplex board - milk cartons
Corrugated board - Large cartons

Question 3

Name 3 hard woods, 2 soft woods and explain the difference

Answer 3

Hardwoods come from deciduous trees whereas soft woods come from coniferous trees. Hardwoods include oak, mahogany and ash. Softwoods are scots pine and parana pine

Question 4

What’s a manufactured board

Answer 4

Such as MDF, chip board or plywood, a manu board is cheap, man-made and can cover large areas as they’re flexible with what can be done to them, don’t look as nice

Question 5

What are ferrous and non-ferrous metals

Answer 5

Ferrous means contains iron so non-ferrous metals don’t contain iron. Examples of ferrous are cast iron, steel (an alloy using iron) stainless steel, tool steel. Non-ferrous includes aluminium, copper, tin, silver

Question 6

Give an example of an alloy

Answer 6

Brass - Copper and zinc

Question 7

Give thermosetting and thermosetting plastics difference and examples

Answer 7

Setting plastics cannot be soften if reheated because the polymer chains are interlinked. Such as appliances that are reheated, examples include melamine formaldehyde - plug. Softening can be reshaped when heated, examples include any with poly infront, so polyethene or polypropelene

Question 8

What is the difference between clay and ceramics

Answer 8

Clay can be reshaped and heated to form ceramics, such as bricks, cement, glass

Question 9

Name the different types of fibre

Answer 9

Natural - plants and animals
Regenerated - natural mixed with chemicals
Synthetic - chemicals

Question 10

Name 3 natural or regenerated fibres

Answer 10

Cotton, wool, silk

Question 11

Name 3 synthetic fibres

Answer 11

Nylon, polyester, lycra

Question 12

What does aeration, thickening and shortening mean

Answer 12

Aeration means trapping air to get a light texture
Thickening means adding egg or starch
Shortening means adding fat to give a crumbly texture

Question 13

Advantages and disadvantages of standard components

Answer 13

A: Cheap, consistent
D: Quality poor

Question 14

What is a smart material

Answer 14

Changes properties in response to stimulus to be useful in safety applications

Question 15

Whats a thermochromic dye

Answer 15

Fabric changes colour in response to heat

Question 16

What’s a shape memory alloy and give an example

Answer 16

Heat treated so the metal gains a memory. Nitinol used for braces can be reheated to fit against teeth