Materials Flashcards
Oak
👍🏾 - Strong and durable and heavy - Good for furniture 👎🏾 - Corrodes iron
What is the difference between paper and board?
To make paper chips of wood are processed using chemicals to make a pulp.
most papers can be recycled
Boards are generally thicker and heavier , can be made from more layers than paper.
what are the Natural Timbers - HARWOODS
- Have broad leaves and seeds found in fruit
- grow slowly , 100 years to be used for timber
- Strong and durable
Ash
Balsa
Oak
Beech
Mahogany
Beech
👍🏾 - Strong and tough, close grained - Does not splinter easily - Good for kitchen implements and toys 👎🏾 - Expensive
Ash
👍🏾 - Strong durable and flexible - Good for furniture, baseball bat 👎🏾 - Expensive
Balsa
👍🏾 -Lightweight soft and easy to cut. - Good for model constructions 👎🏾 - Too weak for construction work
Natural Timbers - SOFTWOODS
- Usually evergreen
- Can be used for timber after around 30 years, Grow quickly
- A lot cheaper than hardwood timber.
Pine
Larch
Spruce
Pine
👍🏾 - Quite strong and easy to work - Lightweight and generally cheaper - Good for interior construction 👎🏾 - can warp or split
Larch
👍🏾 - Hard and tough - Good for outdoor use e.g cladding. 👎🏾 - May twist in humidity
Spruce
👍🏾 - Straight , small knots , quite strong - Good for indoor use , furniture. 👎🏾 - Little resistance to damp and rot
What is a Metal
Metals are crystalline made from elements and compounds, typically solid , hard and opaque and good conductors of heat and electricity.
what are Ferrous Metals?
They contain ferrite, most are magnetic and may rust.
E.g Mild steel used in screws , High melting point.
Non Ferrous Metals
Do not contain iron, so will not rust
more malleable than ferrous metals.
E.g copper used in pipes and wires, high melting point
Explain what Alloys are , and give examples.
Mixture of two or more metals or elements
E.g stainless steel, cutlery, high melting point
What is the definition of Stock Forms?
a)What are the stock forms of woods?
particular shape or size that a raw material is available
E.g paper is available in in A4 and woods can be bought in sheets and boards.
What is the purpose of Fasteners?
a)Give one example.
Used to join paper or card temporarily or more permanently.
E.g treasury tag
paper clip
What is a Bolt?
Bolts - normally used with nuts and normally have a hexagonal head.
Standard components
nyloc nuts -resist coming loose due to a polymer insert
wingnuts - can be tightened by hand making them easy to assemble.
Washers - spread load and protect surfaces. Spring washers resist coming loose.
Hinges - used to join two polymers that need to move
Self tapping screws - form own thread in pilot hole when inserted into polymer.
Standard components 2
Describe: Zips , buttons , VELCRO
Zips - have interlocking parts on flexible strip , can be opened and closed
buttons - small fasteners sewn onto material.
VELCRO - made from 2 strips of materials , have tiny hooks and loops can can be easily fastened and unfastened.
What is the definition of a commercial process?
A method of manufacture suitable for producing products for sale, usually involving machinery, can be used for one off batch or mass scales of production.
Name 3 Ecological concerns associated with product design.
Deforestation - loss of wildlife and oxygen
Transportation - pollution
Use of finite resources
what does Sustainability refer to ?
Sustainable products reduce demand of non renewable raw materials and produce less waste and reduce pollution.
Sustainability - Life cycle Assessment.
Explain the LCA
Raw material extraction material processing Part manufacturing Assembly product use End of life
When a company analyses its environment impact at each stage of the products life.
What is Carbon footprint?
The amount of CO2 emissions that is directly or indirectly related to companies. Extraction power consumption recycling Travel
How can we reduce the Carbon Footprint?
Energy: using more efficient products, lower energy.
Water: Reducing water and turning of taps
Travel: using low carbon vehicles minimising journeys.
Recycling
Offsetting: tree planting programme.
Leaner design
The designer could use less materials including renewable energy source.
Design a product that can easily be separated for recycling.
using efficient manufacturing processes.
reduce types of packaging.
Making more sustainable products.
Name the The 6 Rs.
Reduce Reuse Recycle Repair Rethink Refuse
Reduce ?
reducing materials
reducing consumables needed for the product
Reducing energy usage by using more efficient processes.
Reuse?
Reusing same product again for the same purpose by refiling it
Reusing different parts of the product for a different purpose.
Recycle?
Reprocess the waste to create something else
Collecting waste from commercial recycling
designing product that are easy to dismantle.
Repair?
Ensure the product can be repaired to extend its life and reduce the need for a replacement.
Rethink?
Examining strategies where there is a more environmentally friendly solution.
E.g minimising the processes and use of resources
Refuse?
Questioning the need for products and materials
Do not -
buy a product you do not need
use materials the are bad for the environment.
unnecessary packaging around product.
What is visual and Retail marketing
Marketing often using social media to attract more customers.
POSITIVES:
Increases sales
cheap to set up and run
NEGATIVES:
sometimes difficult to navigate
spam emails are not popular with customers
what is Enterprise ?
When a firm or individual take initiative or risk.
What is Crowdfunding ?
A good way to start-up financial assistance for enterprise. sources: Donation Debt Equity
Explain Fairtrade.
The fair trade foundation protects the rights of farmers in developing countries
It guarantees that they receive fair prices for commodities such as coffee.
Customers are often willing to pay more for products that have met the minimum social environmental and social requirements.
what are Co-operatives?
Positives and negatives?
An enterprise that is jointly owned and democratically controlled by its members.
POSITIVES:
Increase purchasing power
easy to form with limited liability
NEGATIVES:
Often have limited resources and funding.
Can be hard to manage efficiently.
Safe working conditions
Identify Ways in which companies look after welfare and health of employees.
Health and safety work Act 1974 - monitored and enforced by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE)
Workers pay is protected by the minimum wage
Impact on others - Companies responsibility.
Products must be designed so that they do not offend , E.g offensive logos.
Companies could donate to local or national charities or help at local volunteer events.
How is Atmospheric pollution caused?
Is due to substances such as CO2 emissions being released by factories which all contribute to global warming.
How is Oceanic Pollution caused?
Due to harmful substances such as household waste or plastics released into the ocean 80% of the pollution is from outside the water.
Permanent and non permanent joining methods
Permanent Non permanent
woods lap joint nuts, boilts , screws
plastics friction fitting clips, clasps
Colour models
use layered coloured ink to partially or entirely reduce the light reflected from the lighter background such a white paper.
Colour models
use layered coloured ink to partially or entirely reduce the light reflected from the lighter background such a white paper.
Communication of designers - Annotated drawing
detailed such as labelling and the justification of materials of materials, parts or component in the design.
Can show dimentions and designs.
System diagrams
Use input , process and output boxes with feedback loops to represent how system would work. start input yes no yes End
schematic diagrams
represent elements of a system using graphic symbols rather than pictures of individual items.
often used to represent circuits.
