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East India Company > Materiality Of The Ocean > Flashcards

Materiality Of The Ocean Flashcards

1
Q

Who wrote monsoon traders

A

Bowen, Bylth and Macleer

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2
Q

What did Bowen Bylth and Macleer argue

A

That the East India company’s main function changed a lot over its life span. It went from a trading company to an administrative body in control of the Indian subcontinent

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3
Q

Which trade winds had what effects?

A

NE trade winds explain why first explorers landed in Brazil and outs America….. And the NE trade winds plus the equatorial current flows explain the route of the slave traders and slave ships. Drayton argument

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4
Q

What does Drayton argue are responsible for controlling human agency

A

Trade winds, currents, placement of landmass, freshwater reserves

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5
Q

Richard Drayton quote

A

“These maritime flows helped shape history”

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6
Q

Drayton empire quote

A

“Empires make history, but they do not exactly make it as the choose”

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7
Q

Size increase of EIC ships during 19c.

A

From between 500-700 tonnes too 1000-12000 tonnes

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8
Q

How else did ships change from the 17-19c.?

A

Got bigger
More guns from 26-56
Specialised cabin area
Different class travel different foods

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9
Q

Who’s article talks a lot about Madeira wine ??

A

David Hancock

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10
Q

When did transformation of Madeira wine take place

A

Between 1703-1807

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11
Q

What does the Madeira wine fiasco show ?

A

How the sea has agency over humans

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12
Q

In what ways was Madeira wine changed by the sea?

A
  • Fortification with brandy
  • Agitation from sea, made wine less ‘rough’ after fortification process. So the rougher the voyage the better
  • ageing, so the longer the journey the better
  • heating on journeys that went past the equator
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13
Q

David Hancock moat qoute

A

“Scholars now see the Atlantic as more of a waterway than a moat”

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14
Q

What does leora Ausslander study

A

Material culture

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15
Q

What are ausslanders main arguments

A

1) objects important because we use all our senses to understand things so why no history too
2) objects are not only the product of history, they are also active agents within it
3) most of history people have not used language, so make objects better to explain certain things / can explain better than words can

Post modernism . Literary turn

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16
Q

Whose article focouses on shipwreck narratives?

A

Margaret Lincoln’s

17
Q

What was the most popular format for 18-19c. Shipwreck narratives

A

Eyewitness accounts

18
Q

What are some of the Diffrent reasons that shipwreck narratives were written

A

Travel warnings,children’s tales, in case of emergency guides, public mourning .. To show social conventions of the time

19
Q

What example shows how shipwreck narratives reinforced contemporary ideas of class and gender boundaries ?

A

“The loss of the Haleswell” 1803, and accompanying painting

Men got to safety, women stuck floundering uselessly on boat.. Captin standing in middle of boat with two young daughters,trying to save them,but unable to because of their clothing. Daughters white.p dresses symbolic of purity . Also of higher class than the rest of the other women, so of course they panic less .. This might have something to do with the fact that they are standing in the only fuckingfry patch if the boat

Actual event took place in 1786

20
Q

What example can be used to show how shipwreck narratives were seen as displays of national character ?

A

The wreck of the medusa 1818 compare to wreck of Alsace in 1817

Medusa= French frigate, crashed because captin did not listen. When crashed captin left. Attempt to make rafts, not food on rafts, rest of crew members left on remaining life boats.others turned to cannibalism . Only 15 survived after 17 days

Alsace= british ship wrecked. Crew occupied island, and although they were repeatedly attacked by pirates they were abke to defend their position through good discipline until help arrived

21
Q

What stereotypes are shipwreck narratives responsible for ?

A

Racial steryotypes
Men as drunk or very brave
Women as a hindrance

22
Q

Margaret lincoln’s main argument

A

“Shipwreck narratives record moments in which social connections are tested in isolation from the conditions that normally support them”

23
Q

What does frank trentman argue ??

A

That things are back in fashion

24
Q

Trentman quote

A

“Things today are shaking our fundemental understandings of subjectivity, agency, emotions and the relations between humans and non humans”

25
Q

What is ANT

A

Actor network theory . Bruno Katsura argument that things have agency

26
Q

Bruno Latour quote

A

“Anything that does modify a state of affairs by making a difference is an actor”

27
Q

Braudel .?

A

So in his book the Mediterranean Braudel argues that geographical time and social/ economic time are more responsible for events than human agency and intent. He argues that the sea should be seen as ‘many spaces’ and that it is important as its own actor

28
Q

4200 seamen were estimated to have died by a contemporary source between which years

A

1750-1760

29
Q

What is Bowens shipwreck estimate

A

That between 1760-1790 1038 ships set sail and only 51 failed to return which is only 5%

30
Q

Other representations of the sea

A

Paintings
Satire
Ships logs
Journals/ diaries

31
Q

What is Richard Drayton’s main argument

A

That the sea is responsible for where empires are formed. It is an actor and has impacted us. The sea is mostly responsible for the holding together of empire.

32
Q

When was the reck of the medusa

A

1818

33
Q

When was the wreck of the Alsace

A

1817

34
Q

When was the wreck of the Haleswell

A

1803

35
Q

Main historians

A 
Richard drayton 
Bowen
Bylth
Macleer
David Hancock 
Margaret Lincoln 
Braudel
36
Q

How does Bowen Bylth and macleers book further Drayton’s argument

A

Drayton argues trade winds can be used to explain why Brazil and South America were the first places of imperial exploration .. The same principle could possibly be applied to some of the first points of contact with India eg. Bombay and Calcutta both sea ports on opposing sides of the India sub continent . Also important for trade routes to canton

37
Q

BBM trade winds

A

Affected EIC . Strict time for departures (November and April) if correct winds were to be picked up in the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean

East India Company (7 decks)

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