material science

Question 1

CHILLED CAST IRON

Answer 1

Most of the direct applications of white cast irons are actually of the chilled iron. Chilled iron has surface layers of white iron, while the structure of the core is that of grey iron

Question 2

White Cast Iron

Answer 2

all the carbon in the cast iron is present in the combined form as white cementite and has more than 2.11% carbon. White cast iron is hard, wear resistant, brittle and practically unmachinable.

Question 3

Pig iron

Answer 3

Pig iron crude iron that is the direct product of the blast furnace and is refined (removal of impurities (phosphorous, sulphur, manganese, carbon)) to produce steel, wrought iron.

Question 4

Silicate ceramics

Answer 4

Silicates are materials composed of primarily silicon and oxygen.
• Soil, rocks, clays and sand come under the silicate classification.
• The Si-O bond in tetrahedron is about 50% covalent and 50% ionic.
• Due to the small, highly charged Si4+ ion, strong bonding forces are created within tetrahedron as result the SiO44- units joined at the corner and rarely edge to edge

Question 5

Polymorphism

ALLOTROPY

Answer 5

Polymorphism the property of a material or compound to exist in more than one type of space lattice in the solid state.
They have different physical properties but same chemical properties.
allotropy for elements

Question 6

Ionization potential

Answer 6

Ionization potential: the energy usually required to remove an electron from an atom, molecule, or radical usually measured in electron volts.

Question 7

Nitrding

Answer 7

Nitrding is a case hardening process for

Low carbon steel

Question 8

What are the advantages of Austemperng.

Answer 8

Austempering is a heat treating process for medium-to-high carbon ferrous metals which produces a metallurgical structure called bainite. It is used to increase strength, toughness, and reduce distortion.

(A)No martensite, hence no briffleness
(B)No quenching cracks or distortion
(C)Improve ductility

Question 9

Slag description

Answer 9

1. Slag is co product of iron & steel production
2. It is mixture of metal oxide & silicon dioxides
3. Used in construction Industries
4. Used for soil improvement

Slag is co product of iron & steel production. It is mixture of metal oxide & silicon dioxides. It can contain metal sulfides & other elemental metals. Slag is valuable waste which can be used in agriculture, environment processes & construction industries. It is used for the soil improvement. It has properties of porosity, water holding capacity, bulk density due to which it is good adsorbent.