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Design Year 1 > Material Properties > Flashcards

Material Properties Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mechanical property?

A

properties associated with how a material reacts to an external force

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2
Q

What is a physical property?

A

Properties associated with the actual make up or structure of a material

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3
Q

What is compressive strength?

A

ability of a material to withstand being crushed

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4
Q

What is tensile strength?

A

ability of a material to resist stretching or pulling forces

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5
Q

What is bending strength?

A

ability of a material to resist forces that may bend the material

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6
Q

Another name for bending strength

A

flexural strength

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7
Q

What is shear strength?

A

ability of a material to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane

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8
Q

What is torsional strength?

A

ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torque or torsion

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9
Q

What is hardness

A

ability to resist surface wear such as scratching, surface indentation or cutting

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10
Q

what is toughness

A

ability to absorb impact force without fracture

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11
Q

what is plasticity

A

ability to be permanently deformed and retain deformed shape

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12
Q

What is ductility

A

ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing cross sectional area without cracking

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13
Q

what is malleability

A

ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking

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14
Q

what is elasticity

A

ability to be deformed and return to original shape when force removed

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15
Q

How many mechanical properties are there (to learn)

A

11:
shear strength
bending strength
malleability
elasticity
plasticity
ductility
tensile strength
compressive strength
torsional strength
hardness
toughness

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16
Q

How many physical properties (to learn)

A

12:
thermal insulator
thermal conductor
thermal expansion
electrical conductor
electrical insulator
corrosion resistance
magnetism
fusibility
density
translucent
opaque
Transparent

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17
Q

What is density

A

mass per unit volume of a material

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18
Q

what is fusibility

A

ability to be converted from a solid to a liquid by heat

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19
Q

what is magnetism

A

natural force between materials that causes the material to attract iron/steel

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20
Q

what is corrosion resistance

A

ability to withstand environmental attack and decay e.g. rust

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21
Q

what is an electrical conductor

A

good electrical flow of current through material

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22
Q

examples of good electrical conductors

A

silver
gold
copper
aluminium

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23
Q

What is an electrical insulator

A

no electric flow of current through material

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24
Q

example of good electrical insulators

A

plastic
rubber
cloth
glass
wood

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25
Q

what is a thermal conductor

A

allows the transfer of heat through the material

26
Q

what is a thermal insulator

A

prevents the transfer of heat through the material

27
Q

what is thermal expansion

A

Increase in material volume in response to heat input

28
Q

what is an opaque material

A

prevents light from travelling through

29
Q

what is a translucent material

A

allows light through but diffuses light so objects seem blurred

30
Q

what is a transparent material

A

allows light to pass through easily

31
Q

Compressive strength examples (7)

A

Glass
concrete
ceramics
diamond
GRP
CFRP
tungsten

32
Q

Now chill for a bit

A

https://www.facebook.com/officialhpc/videos/hydraulic-press-insane-moments/576257311070207/

33
Q

Tensile strength examples (4)

A

natural rubber
steel mesh reinforced concrete
kevlar
tungsten

34
Q

Bending strength examples (1)

A

fibre reinforced concrete

35
Q

Shear strength examples (4)

A

mild steel
concrete
aluminium
shear walls

36
Q

torsional strength examples (1)

A

CFRP

37
Q

hardness examples (11)

A

teak
oak
beech
stainless steel
titanium
tungsten
high speed steel
MF
MF laminate
fibre cement
natural rubber

38
Q

toughness examples (13)

A

copper
teak
oak
beech
ash
low carbon steel
larch
bronze
HDPE
stainless steel
PP
HIPs
medium carbon steel

39
Q

plasticity examples (4)

A

thermoplastics
metals-not cast iron
SMAs
polymorph

40
Q

ductility examples (8)

A

silver
gold
copper
bronze
tin
nylon
aluminium
low carbon steel

41
Q

malleability examples (10)

A

SMA
precious metal clay
pewter
silver
gold
duralumin
copper
thermoplastics
polymorph
tin

42
Q

elasticity examples (4)

A

elastomers
nylon
PVC
nitinol

43
Q

What is important when testing materials (and examples)

A

variables kept constant
e.g.
size of material
force applied
individual carrying out tests
environmental conditions
testing equipment

44
Q

Testing tensile strength P

A

-clamp material in vice
-apply load to end
-measure deflection of material with a Vernier calliper

45
Q

Testing Toughness P

A

-material clamped in vice
-hit it with a hammer
-tough materials absorb impact
-brittle materials shatter or bend

46
Q

Testing hardness P

A

Abrasive wear tested by- running file over material and material with fewest scratches is hardest
Resistance to surface indentation tested with dot punch and hammer

47
Q

Testing malleability and ductility P

A

-secure into vice
-try to bend 90 degrees
-cracks on the outside=poor ductility
-cracks on inside=poor malleability

48
Q

Testing corrosion P

A

leave material outside for certain length of time
inspect for surface corrosion

49
Q

Testing electrical conductivity P

A

-current passed across material
-multimeter measures electrical resistance

50
Q

testing thermal conductivity P

A

-bunsen burner one end and thermometer other
-time how long it takes for material to reach certain temperature

51
Q

Testing tensile strength I

A

-Tensometer machine
-material between two grips
-stretched and force and distance travelled recorded to get data on:
elastic limit
yield point
max load
breaking point

52
Q

Testing toughness I

A

-Izod impact test
-test piece held in vice
-pendulum released and strikes material
-energy absorbed calculated from height pendulum is dropped from

53
Q

Testing Hardness I types

A

Rockwell test, Vickers test, Brinell test

54
Q

Rockwell test

A

diamond indented pressed on material with preload (to break surface) then load. Distance between preload and load measured

55
Q

Brinell test

A

spherical indenter pressed on material and SA of indent measured (hardness=F/A)

56
Q

Vickers test

A

diamond pyramid indenter pressed on material and SA measured

57
Q

Ultrasonic testing I

A

transducer (?) generates sound waves and pulsed into material, intensity of waves recorded. Cracks will partially reflect sound waves

58
Q

X ray testing I

A

X ray beam passed through material. X rays allow observations of tiny details within material

59
Q

Electrical conductivity test I (vague though because I don’t know if it is correct)

A

two loops of wire on material. current sent through outer loop and drop in voltage measured in inner loop. ohm’s law used to measure resistance

60
Q

thermal conductivity test I

A

material placed between temperature controlled plates. sensor measures & records rate of thermal conductivity

61
Q

Ductility and malleability test I

A

piece put in bending machine. plunger/mandrel bends to certain angle.
cracks on outer bend-poor ductility
cracks on inner bend- poor malleability

Design Year 1 (5 decks)

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