Material Deprivation

Question 1

What is Material Deprivation ?

Answer 1

Material deprivation refers to poverty and lack of material necessities such as adequate housing and income

Question 2

What did Flaherty discover that shows that poverty is closely linked to educational underachievement ?

Answer 2

Flaherty found that money problems in the family are a significant factor in younger children’s non attendance at school

Question 3

How can high rates of exclusion and truancy be linked to poverty ?

Answer 3

Exclusion and truancy are more likely for children from poorer families

Question 4

How are schools performance and poverty linked ?

Answer 4

Nearly 90 % of failing schools are located in deprived areas

Question 5

What are 4 aspects of material deprivation ?

Answer 5

-Housing
-Diet and Health
-financial support and the cost of education
-Fear of debt

Question 6

How can poor housing affect a child directly ?

Answer 6

Poor housing can affect a child directly , for example , overcrowding can have a direct effect by making it harder for the child to study and overcrowding also means less room for educational activities , nowhere to do homework , disturbed sleep from sharing beds or bedrooms and so on

Question 7

How can poor housing affect a child indirectly ?

Answer 7

Poor housing can have indirect effects such as children in crowded homes run a greater risk of accidents , cold or damp housing can also cause ill health , families in temporary accommodation suffer more psychological distress , infections and accidents such health problems lead to absence from school

Question 8

What does Howard note about young people’s diet and health ?

Answer 8

Howard notes that young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy , vitamins and minerals . Poor nutrition affects health for example , by weakening the immune system and lowering children’s energy levels . This may result in more absences from school due to illness and difficulties concentrating in class

Question 9

Diet and health - what did Wilkinson find children from lower homes are more likely to suffer from ?

Answer 9

Wilkinson found that among 10 year olds , the lower the social class the higher rate of hyperactivity , anxiety and conduct disorders , all of which are likely to have a negative effect on the child’s education

Question 10

Diet and health - what did Blanden and Machin find children from low income families are likely to do ?

Answer 10

Blanden and Machin found that children from low income families were more likely to engage in externalising behaviours such as fighting and temper tantrums which are likely to disrupt their schooling

Question 11

Financial support and the costs of education - What does Bull mean by the cost of free schooling ?

Answer 11

By cost of free schooling , Bull means that children from poorer families have to do without equipment and miss out on experiences that would enhance their educational achievement

Question 12

What did Tanner find out about the cost of education ?

Answer 12

Tanner found that cost of items such as transport , uniforms , books , computers , calculators , sports , music , art equipment place a heavy burden on poor families.
As a result poor children may have to do with hand me downs and cheaper but unfashionable equipment which may result in them being isolated , stigmatised or bullied by peers

Question 13

Financial support and cost of education - what does Flaherty believe fear of stigmatisation helps explain ?

Answer 13

Flaherty believes fear of stigmatisation may help explain why 20% of those eligible for free school meals do not take up on their entitlement

Question 14

Financial support and the costs of education - what did Smith and noble find poverty acts as a barrier for ?

Answer 14

Smith ands Noble add that poverty acts as a barrier to learning in other ways , such as inability yo afford private schooling or tuition and end up in poorer quality local schools

Question 15

Financial support and the cost of education - what did Ridge find children from low income families do and how does this impact their school work ?

Answer 15

Ridge found that children from low income families and poverty take on jobs such as baby sitting which has a negative impact on their school work

Question 16

What was the education maintenance allowance which was abolished by the coalition government in 2011 ?

Answer 16

Educational maintenance allowance was financial support given to poorer students staying on in education after 16 but was abolished by the coalition government in 2011.

Question 17

Fear of debt - what did callender and Jackson find from a questionnaire of 2000 prospective university students ?

Answer 17

Callender and Jackson found that working class students are more likely to be debt averse - see debt negatively and as something to be avoided . They also see more costs than benefits of going to university

Question 18

What does debt averse mean ?

Answer 18

Debt averse is where individuals see debt as negatively and as something to be avoided

Question 19

Fear of debt - what did Reay find influenced where working class students go to university ?

Answer 19

Reay found that working class students that were more likely to apply to local universities so they could live at home and save on travel costs , but this gave them less opportunity to go to high status universities . They were also more likely to work part time to fund their studies , making it more difficult for them to gain higher class degrees.

Question 20

What does Robinson believe will be the most effective way to boost child achievement ?

Answer 20

Robinson argues that tackling child poverty would be the most effective way to boost children’s achievement