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Practical: Neuroanatomy > Material Both Tests > Flashcards

Material Both Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Gyrus

A

A ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface

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2
Q

Sulcus

A

A furrow of a convoluted brain surface

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3
Q

How much cerebral surface area is hidden in the sulci?

A

2/3 of the cerebral surface

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4
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

The most anterior portion of the cerebral cortex

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5
Q

Parietal lobes

A

Large regions of cortex lying between the frontal and occipital lobes of each cerebral hemisphere

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6
Q

Temporal lobes

A

Large lateral cortical regions of each cerebral hemisphere, continuous with the parietal lobes posteriorly, and separated from the frontal lobe by the Sylvian fissure

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7
Q

Occipital lobes

A

Large regions of cortex covering much of the posterior part of each cerebral hemisphere

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8
Q

Sylvian fissure

A

A deep fissure that demarcates the temporal lobe

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9
Q

Central sulcus

A

A fissure that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

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10
Q

cerebral cortex

A

The outer covering of the cerebral hemispheres

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11
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

the strip of parietal cortex, just behind the central sulcus, that receives somatosensory information from the entire body

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12
Q

precentral gyrus

A

the strip of frontal cortex, just in front of the central sulcus that is crucial for motor control

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13
Q

corpus callosum

A

the main band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres

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14
Q

white matter

A

a shiny layer underneath the cortex that consists largely of axons with white myelin sheaths

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15
Q

Afferent

A

caries information into a region that we are interested in

Afferents Arrive

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16
Q

Efferent

A

carries information away from the region of interest

Efferents Exit

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17
Q

Grey matter

A

Areas of the brain that are dominated by cell bodies and are devoid of myelin

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18
Q

Neural tube

A

am embryonic structure with subdivisions that correspond to the future forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

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19
Q

Forebrain

A

Also called prosencephalon The frontal division of the neural tube, containing the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus and the hypothalamus

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20
Q

Midbrain

A

Also called the mesencephalon. The middle division of the brain

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21
Q

Hindbrain

A

Also called rhombencephalon

the rear division of the brain, which, in the mature vertebrate, contains the cerebellum, pons and medulla

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22
Q

Telencephalon

A

the frontal subdivision of the forebrain that includes the cerebral hemispheres when fully developed

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23
Q

Diencephalon

A

the posterior part of the forebrain, including the thalamus and hypothalamus

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24
Q

Metencephalon

A

A subdivision of the hindbrain that includes the cerebellum and the pons

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25
Cerebellum
A structure located at the back of the brain, dorsal to the pons, that is involved in the central regulation of movement
26
Pons
A portion of the metencephalon
27
myelencephalon or medulla
the caudal part of the hindbrain
28
Brainstem
the region of the brain that consists of the midbrain, the pons and the medulla
29
Nucleus
Here, an anatomical collection of neurons within the central nervous system (e.g., the caudate nucleus)
30
Tract
A bundle of axons found within the central nervous system
31
Basal ganglia
A group of forebrain nuclei (caudate nucleus, Globus pallidus, and putamen) found deep within the cerebral hemispheres
32
Caudate nucleus
One of the basal ganglia; it has a long extension or tail
33
Putamen
one of the basal ganglia
34
Globus pallidus
one of the basal ganglia
35
Substantia Nigra
a brainstem structure in humans that is related to the basal ganglia and named for its dark pigmentation
36
limbic system
a loosely defined, widespread group of brain nuclei that innervate each other to form a network
37
amygdala
a group of nuclei in the medial anterior part of the temporal lobe
38
hippocampus
a medial temporal lobe structure that is thought to be important for learning and memory
39
Fornix
A fiber tract that extends from the hippocampus to the mammillary body
40
cingulate gyrus
a cortical portion of the limbic system, found in the frontal and parietal midline
41
olfactory bulb
an anterior basal structure that receives olfactory (smell) inputs from the nasal cavaties
42
Mammillary body
One of a pair of nuclei at the base of the brain
43
Thalamus
The brain regions that surround the third ventricle
44
Hypothalamus
Part of the diencephalon, lying ventral to the thalamus
45
Superior colliculi
Paired structures on the dorsal surface of the midbrain, rostral to the inferior colliculi, that receive visual information
46
Inferior colliculi
Paired structures in the dorsal surface of the midbrain, caudal to the superior colliculi, that receive auditory information
47
Tectum
The dorsal portion of the midbrain, including the inferior and superior colliculi
48
red nucleus
a brainstem structure related to motor control
49
reticular formation
an extensive region of the brainstem (extending from the medulla through the thalamus) that is involved in arousal
50
Purkinje cell
A type of large nerve cell in the cerebellar cortex
51
Granule cell
A type of small nerve cell
52
Parallel fiber
one of the axons of the granule cells that form the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex
53
Isocortex ( or cortex)
cerebral cortex that is made up of six layers
54
Allocortex
Brain tissue with three layers or unlayered organization
55
Pyramidal cell
a type of large nerve cell that has a roughly pyramid-shaped cell body; found in the cerebral cortex
56
Apical dendrite
The dendrite that extends from a pyramidal cell to the outermost surface of the cortex
57
Basal dendrite
One of several dendrites on a pyramidal cell that extend horizontally from the cell body
58
Cortical column
One of the vertical columns that constitute the basic organization of the isocortex
59
Meninges
The three protective sheets of tissue - dura mater, pia mater and arachnoid - that surround the brain and spinal cord
60
Dura mater
the outermost of the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord
61
Pia mater
The innermost of the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord.
62
Arachnoid
The thin covering (one of the three meninges) of the brain that lies between the dura mater and pia mater
63
Cerebrospinal fluid (CFS)
The fluid that fills the cerebral ventricles
64
Meningitis
An acute inflammation of the meninges, usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection
65
ventricular system
A system of fluid-filled cavities inside the brain
66
Choroid plexus
A highly vascular portion of the lining of the ventricles that secretes cerebrospinal fluid
67
carotid arteries
The major arteries that ascend the left and right sides of the neck to the brain

Practical: Neuroanatomy (2 decks)

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