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Practical: Neuroanatomy > Material Both Tests > Flashcards

Material Both Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Gyrus

A

A ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface

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2
Q

Sulcus

A

A furrow of a convoluted brain surface

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3
Q

How much cerebral surface area is hidden in the sulci?

A

2/3 of the cerebral surface

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4
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

The most anterior portion of the cerebral cortex

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5
Q

Parietal lobes

A

Large regions of cortex lying between the frontal and occipital lobes of each cerebral hemisphere

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6
Q

Temporal lobes

A

Large lateral cortical regions of each cerebral hemisphere, continuous with the parietal lobes posteriorly, and separated from the frontal lobe by the Sylvian fissure

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7
Q

Occipital lobes

A

Large regions of cortex covering much of the posterior part of each cerebral hemisphere

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8
Q

Sylvian fissure

A

A deep fissure that demarcates the temporal lobe

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9
Q

Central sulcus

A

A fissure that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

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10
Q

cerebral cortex

A

The outer covering of the cerebral hemispheres

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11
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

the strip of parietal cortex, just behind the central sulcus, that receives somatosensory information from the entire body

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12
Q

precentral gyrus

A

the strip of frontal cortex, just in front of the central sulcus that is crucial for motor control

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13
Q

corpus callosum

A

the main band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres

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14
Q

white matter

A

a shiny layer underneath the cortex that consists largely of axons with white myelin sheaths

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15
Q

Afferent

A

caries information into a region that we are interested in

Afferents Arrive

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16
Q

Efferent

A

carries information away from the region of interest

Efferents Exit

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17
Q

Grey matter

A

Areas of the brain that are dominated by cell bodies and are devoid of myelin

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18
Q

Neural tube

A

am embryonic structure with subdivisions that correspond to the future forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain

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19
Q

Forebrain

A

Also called prosencephalon The frontal division of the neural tube, containing the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus and the hypothalamus

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20
Q

Midbrain

A

Also called the mesencephalon. The middle division of the brain

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21
Q

Hindbrain

A

Also called rhombencephalon

the rear division of the brain, which, in the mature vertebrate, contains the cerebellum, pons and medulla

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22
Q

Telencephalon

A

the frontal subdivision of the forebrain that includes the cerebral hemispheres when fully developed

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23
Q

Diencephalon

A

the posterior part of the forebrain, including the thalamus and hypothalamus

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24
Q

Metencephalon

A

A subdivision of the hindbrain that includes the cerebellum and the pons

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25
Q

Cerebellum

A

A structure located at the back of the brain, dorsal to the pons, that is involved in the central regulation of movement

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26
Q

Pons

A

A portion of the metencephalon

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27
Q

myelencephalon or medulla

A

the caudal part of the hindbrain

28
Q

Brainstem

A

the region of the brain that consists of the midbrain, the pons and the medulla

29
Q

Nucleus

A

Here, an anatomical collection of neurons within the central nervous system (e.g., the caudate nucleus)

30
Q

Tract

A

A bundle of axons found within the central nervous system

31
Q

Basal ganglia

A

A group of forebrain nuclei (caudate nucleus, Globus pallidus, and putamen) found deep within the cerebral hemispheres

32
Q

Caudate nucleus

A

One of the basal ganglia; it has a long extension or tail

33
Q

Putamen

A

one of the basal ganglia

34
Q

Globus pallidus

A

one of the basal ganglia

35
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

a brainstem structure in humans that is related to the basal ganglia and named for its dark pigmentation

36
Q

limbic system

A

a loosely defined, widespread group of brain nuclei that innervate each other to form a network

37
Q

amygdala

A

a group of nuclei in the medial anterior part of the temporal lobe

38
Q

hippocampus

A

a medial temporal lobe structure that is thought to be important for learning and memory

39
Q

Fornix

A

A fiber tract that extends from the hippocampus to the mammillary body

40
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

a cortical portion of the limbic system, found in the frontal and parietal midline

41
Q

olfactory bulb

A

an anterior basal structure that receives olfactory (smell) inputs from the nasal cavaties

42
Q

Mammillary body

A

One of a pair of nuclei at the base of the brain

43
Q

Thalamus

A

The brain regions that surround the third ventricle

44
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Part of the diencephalon, lying ventral to the thalamus

45
Q

Superior colliculi

A

Paired structures on the dorsal surface of the midbrain, rostral to the inferior colliculi, that receive visual information

46
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

Paired structures in the dorsal surface of the midbrain, caudal to the superior colliculi, that receive auditory information

47
Q

Tectum

A

The dorsal portion of the midbrain, including the inferior and superior colliculi

48
Q

red nucleus

A

a brainstem structure related to motor control

49
Q

reticular formation

A

an extensive region of the brainstem (extending from the medulla through the thalamus) that is involved in arousal

50
Q

Purkinje cell

A

A type of large nerve cell in the cerebellar cortex

51
Q

Granule cell

A

A type of small nerve cell

52
Q

Parallel fiber

A

one of the axons of the granule cells that form the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex

53
Q

Isocortex ( or cortex)

A

cerebral cortex that is made up of six layers

54
Q

Allocortex

A

Brain tissue with three layers or unlayered organization

55
Q

Pyramidal cell

A

a type of large nerve cell that has a roughly pyramid-shaped cell body; found in the cerebral cortex

56
Q

Apical dendrite

A

The dendrite that extends from a pyramidal cell to the outermost surface of the cortex

57
Q

Basal dendrite

A

One of several dendrites on a pyramidal cell that extend horizontally from the cell body

58
Q

Cortical column

A

One of the vertical columns that constitute the basic organization of the isocortex

59
Q

Meninges

A

The three protective sheets of tissue - dura mater, pia mater and arachnoid - that surround the brain and spinal cord

60
Q

Dura mater

A

the outermost of the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord

61
Q

Pia mater

A

The innermost of the three meninges that surround the brain and spinal cord.

62
Q

Arachnoid

A

The thin covering (one of the three meninges) of the brain that lies between the dura mater and pia mater

63
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CFS)

A

The fluid that fills the cerebral ventricles

64
Q

Meningitis

A

An acute inflammation of the meninges, usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection

65
Q

ventricular system

A

A system of fluid-filled cavities inside the brain

66
Q

Choroid plexus

A

A highly vascular portion of the lining of the ventricles that secretes cerebrospinal fluid

67
Q

carotid arteries

A

The major arteries that ascend the left and right sides of the neck to the brain

Practical: Neuroanatomy (2 decks)

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