Materi Genetik Flashcards

1
Q

Apa itu DNA?

A

Substansi pembawa informasi genetik dr suatu generasi ke generasi berikutnya

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2
Q

Apa saja sifat2 DNA?

A
  • berupa makromolekul asam nukleat
  • bersifat kekal krn dpt bereplikasi
  • dapat mencetak kode2 genetik yg diterjemahkan jd asam2 amino protein
  • memiliki pola urutan nukleotida beda2 tiap orang
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3
Q

Berapa jumlah kromosm dlm tubuh manusia?

A

46

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4
Q

Apa itu GEN?

A

Unit terkecil materi genetik yg mengendalikan hereditas organisme

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5
Q

Apa itu ALEL?

A

Pasangan gen yg terdapat pada kromosom homolog, menunjukkan sifat alternatif sesamanya

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6
Q

Apa itu genotipe?

A

Pasangan gen dlm kromosom homolog suatu individu

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7
Q

Apa itu fenotipe?

A

Penampakan sifat2 individu yg dipengaruhi ekspresi gen

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8
Q

Keaktifan gen dipengaruhi oleh… (3 hal)

A
  1. Keberadaan gen
  2. Jenis kelamin
  3. Umur
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9
Q

Struktur DNA…

A
  1. Gula pentosa deoksiribosa
  2. Gugus fosfat (PO4-)
  3. Basa nitrogen
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10
Q

Ada 2 jenis basa nitrogen DNA yaitu…

A
  1. Purin: adenin (A) & guanin (G)
  2. Pirimidin: timin (T) & sitosin (S atau C)
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11
Q

Apa saja ketiga teori replikasi DNA?

A
  1. Teori konservatif
  2. Teori dispersif
  3. Teori semikonserfatif
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12
Q

Apa itu teori konservatif?

A

Double helix lama tdk berpisah & langsung membentuk double helix baru

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13
Q

Apa itu teori dispersif?

A

Double helix lama terputus-putus & potongan2 baru saling bersambung dgn yg lama

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14
Q

Apa itu teori semikonserfatif?

A

2 pita dr double helix memisahkan diri & mendapat pasangan pita baru seperti pasangan lama

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15
Q

Enzim apa saja yg berperan dalam proses replikasi DNA?

A
  • helikase
  • polimerase
  • ligase
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16
Q

Struktur RNA…

A
  1. Gula ribose berkarbon 5
  2. Gugus fosfat (PO4-)
  3. Basa nitrogen
17
Q

Ada 2 jenis basa nitrogen RNA yaitu…

A

A. Purin: adenin (A) & guanin (G)
B. Pirimidin: urasil (U) & sitosin (S atau C)

18
Q

Apa saja jenis RNA?

A
  1. mRNA (messenger RNA)
  2. tRNA (transfer RNA)
  3. rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
19
Q

Apa itu mRNA (messenger RNA)?

A

RNA yg berfungsi membawa kodon dr kromosom di dlm inti sel ke ribosom

20
Q

Apa itu tRNA (transfer RNA)?

A

RNA yg berfungsi membawa asam amino ke ribosom

21
Q

Apa itu rRNA (ribosomal RNA)?

A

RNA yg berfungsi sbg penyelaras (adaptor) atau mesin perakit polipeptida yg bergerak ke satu arah sepanjang mRNA

22
Q

Mekanisme sintesis protein TRANSKRIPSI..

A
  1. Inisiasi transkripsi
  2. Elongasi untai RNA
  3. Terminasi transkripsi
23
Q

Mekanisme sintesis protein TRANSLASI..

A
  1. Inisiasi translasi
  2. Elongasi translasi
  3. Terminasi translasi