Matching Quiz Flashcards
Humanism
The main intellectual component of the Renaissance
Humanists believed that studying the classics should be the “new” intellectual model.
Classics = Roman orators, Greek philosophers, the Latin language, etc.
Goal was to understand human nature and thus change society for the better.
The search for the “perfect” in every aspect of life
Christian Humanism
In Northern Europe, Humanist ideas were combined with more contemporary religious thought.
Classical ideals should be blended with Christian doctrine
Petrarch
1350’s writer/poet from Florence
Will become known as the “Father of Humanism” and essential to the Renaissance
Ex: Letter to Cicero
Author and politician of Ancient Rome (104 BC-43 BC)
Signori
City-states ruled by one man (merchant, noble, etc.) who passed down rule to his son.
Ex: Medici in Florence
Niccolo Machiavelli
Political theorist who lived in Florence (late 15th - early 16th century)
Wrote many works, but his most famous was The Prince.
The Prince explained how a modern day ruler should function.
Patronage
financed the works of and allowed writers, artists, and thinkers the ability to create a new culture based on the past.
Humanist Education
Essential for the creation of skilled politicians, diplomats, lawyers, businessmen, etc.
Opened schools and became basis for most intermediate and advanced education
Courtier
A person who attends Royal court (audience with kings, queens, signoris, etc.) and acts as advisors
Thomas More
English lawyer who was a Christian Humanist
Served in the gov’t, but had a passion for writing
Utopia was his most famous work
Humanistic themes–revival of the Classics, importance on education, human fulfillment
Marco Polo
Trader in the late 1200s (Traveled through Asia on the Silk Road), his encounter with the Great Khan fueled the western fantasies of the Khans court. Polo said the court and city of Hangzhou called it the finest and noblest in the world because of the number of wealth and goods passed through their hands that were so enormous that no one could estimate it. (China)
Oligarchy
A small group that ruled the city and surrounding countryside
The Columbian Exchange
Disease
Massive loss of life - “Black Plague” in the New World
Non-indigenous plants and animals—positive
Same in return to Europe
Leonardo Da Vinci
Born in Anchiano, Italy Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. major patrons of the artist?
The Medici, Ludovico Sforza and Cesare Borgia
The Medici family
The Medici, an art-loving family of wealthy bankers (and three popes), helped fund the Renaissance. They regularly hosted artists and commissioned art for their palace and their family tomb — the Medici Chapel — a masterpiece by Michelangelo. keywords. Art Renaissance Italy.
Bartholomew Diaz
Portuguese mariner and explorer. In 1488, he became the first European navigator to round the southern tip of Africa and to demonstrate that the most effective southward route for ships lay in the open ocean, well to the west of the African coast.
Ferdinand Magellan
He represented Spain and sailed from 1519 to 1521 (the voyage ended in 1522). He found a new route to the Moluccas, then sailed to Brazil over the Atlantic Ocean. He discovered the Pacific Ocean and named it after the Latin word for peaceful. The voyage itself was the first to circumnavigate the world.
Amerigo Vespucci
Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term “America” is derived. Between 1497 and 1504, Vespucci participated in at least two voyages of the Age of Discovery, first on behalf of Spain and then for Portugal.
Filippo Brunelleschi
Filippo Brunelleschi, considered to be a founding father of Renaissance architecture, was an Italian architect, designer, and sculptor, and is now recognized to be the first modern engineer, planner, and sole construction supervisor.
Isabella and Ferdinand
Isabella I unified Spain through her marriage to Ferdinand II of Aragon, and she financed the expedition of Christopher Columbus, leading to the discovery of the Americas. She also completed the Reconquista but infamously expelled Jews and Muslims and empowered the Spanish Inquisition.
Hernán Cortés
Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés (c. 1485-1547) is best known for conquering the Aztecs and claiming Mexico on behalf of Spain
Michel de Montaigne
He is known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre. His work is noted for its merging of casual anecdotes and autobiography with intellectual insight. Montaigne had a direct influence on numerous Western writers; his massive volume Essais contains some of the most influential essays ever written.
Circumnavigate
sail or travel all the way around (something, especially the world).
conquistador
a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
Indigenous
originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.
