Matching law

Question 1

Choice

Answer 1

-influenced by history of reinforcement

Question 2

Measuring choice

Answer 2

• Complex schedules measure the distribution of responses to alternate choices
• the number of responses on one alternative divided by the total number of responses.
• from first response on one alternative to the first response on the other alternative. Relative time allocation ratio – time spent on one alternative divided by total time.

Question 3

Law of effect

Answer 3

-If you engage in a behaviour and it is rewarded it is more likely to be repeated

Question 4

Matching law

Answer 4

• when choosing between identical behaviours the one with more reinforcers will be chosen
• If reinforcement stops the behaviour goes on extinction

Question 5

Factors affect matching law

Answer 5

magnitude
quality
delay
response effect
punishment

Question 6

Strict matching law

Answer 6

• The relative response rate equals the relative reinforcement rate
• B = responses, R= reinforcers obtained, 1/2= behaviours

Question 7

Be and Re

Answer 7

• The e refers to extraneous – other responses and reinforcers other than the ones we are measuring.
• If Re is high, then you spend a lot of time doing other things.
• Accounted by the strict matching law with e

Question 8

Applications of matching law

Answer 8

• assessing preference
• choice can work as reinforcement
• environmental enrichment (identifying a more powerful reinforcer)

Question 9

Generalized matching law

Answer 9

• Accounts for why matching inst perfect

- includes a bias variable (uncounted preference) and sensitivity to reinforcement changes

Question 10

Borneo’s study

Answer 10

• One participant and two confederates participated in an interview.
• More attention was given to the confederate that was the most engaging (reinforcing) even though the reinforcement schedule was random and swapped
• Not generalisable to real life but can be used to modify attention hungry behavior

Question 11

Choice improves behavior

Answer 11

• Three women with brain injuries lived together and completed their own chores.
• If they were allowed which self-care task to complete, they would
• Yoked control found If they were told to do the task, they last chose they wouldn’t
• This shows choice causes behaviour change.

Question 12

Choice as a reinforcer

Answer 12

-an be measured, Influences responding and aren’t fixed but are relatively stable.

Question 13

Differential reinforcement of other behaviors

Answer 13

-Reinforcement is delivered for any response other than the target behaviour which decreases the target behaviour over time