MAT EXAM 1: Chap 6&7

Question 1

Placental Function

Answer 1

-Develops at 17 days

-Provides nutrients and oxygen to baby

-There’s a baby/mom side

-Hormones: estrogen, progesterone, HCG

-Provides glycogen, cholesterol, enzymes (metabolism)

-Immunologic protection

Question 2

Impact of SA on developing fetus: General

Answer 2

SA = Substance Abuse.

-The fetus could develop a dependency on drug.

-Can cause congenital malformations.

Question 3

Impact of SA on developing fetus: Nicotine

Answer 3

-Placental vasoconstriction
-Increased risk of anomalies
-Death
-Hypoxia

Question 4

Impact of SA on developing fetus: Alcohol

Answer 4

-Fetal alcohol syndrome
-Growth restriction
-Withdrawal symptoms
-Interferes with cell growth

Question 5

Impact of SA on developing fetus: Opioids

Answer 5

-Preterm labor
-Stillbirth
-Neonatal abstinence syndrome
-Maternal mortality

Question 6

Fetal oxygenation & circulation

Answer 6

-Fetus breathes through 3 shunts: Ductus venosus, Foramen ovale, Ductus arteriosus.

-Regular heart rate (for fetus/newborn) = 110-160 bpm.

-The most oxygenated blood is streamed to the heart & brain.

-The fetus has ↑ CO, HR, hgb, and higher O2 affinity.

Question 7

Factors influencing maternal/fetal oxygenation**

Answer 7

-Teratogens (drugs, chemicals, infections, radiation)
-Maternal malnutrition
-Placental abnormalities
-(Mother) medical conditions and lifestyle factors

Actual answer:
-Maternal hypo or hypertension
-Pressure on the umbilical cord
-Mother hemorrhage

How to improve maternal/fetal oxygenation?
-Changing positon of the mother
-Anything else???

Question 8

Presumptive

Answer 8

-Changes felt by the woman
-Fatigue
-NV
-Amenorrhea (missed period)

Question 9

Parity

Answer 9

-The past (how many babies you gave birth to)

Question 10

Positive

Answer 10

-Signs attributed only to the presence of fetus
-Fetal ultrasound
-Fetal heart rate

Question 11

Gravity

Answer 11

-Current condition (present)

Examples:
-First child = G1 (you were preg once)
-3rd child (before birth) = G3 (you were actually preg 3 times, including that child)

Question 12

Twins are…

Answer 12

-Considered 1 pregnancy

Question 12

Physiological Adaptations to pregnancy: Breast

Answer 12

-Full
-Heavy
-Heightened sensitivity
-Darker areolae

Question 13

Physiological Adaptations to pregnancy: Cardiovasc

Answer 13

-Increased BV
-Lower BP!
-Increased CO (30-50% increase)
-Anemia (due to increase in plasma)

Question 14

Physiological Adaptations to pregnancy: Skin

Answer 14

-Angiomas
-LG (long dark line)
-Stretch marks
-Balance affected (misaligned muscles)

Question 15

Pulmonic

Answer 15

-Increased vascularity (stuffy nose)
-Displaced diaphragm

Question 16

Renal

Answer 16

-Pelvis & Ureter is more relaxed
-Increased urine output
-Higher GFR
-Low BUN & Creatine
-Increased total body water

Question 17

GI

Answer 17

-Increased appetite
-Pica
-Abdominal discomfort

Question 18

Probable

Answer 18

Changes observed by an examiner:
- positive preg test
- cervical changes
- Braxton hicks

Question 19

Positive

Answer 19

Signs attributed only to the presence of fetus:
-fetal ultrasound
-fetal heart rate