MAT EXAM 1: Chap 4&5

Question 1

Discuss prevalence, screening, signs & symptoms, risks, and treatment/prevention of STIs

Answer 1

-Preventing STI’s: safer sex, knowledge of partner, reducing partners, vaccination

-the only form of contraception that prevents STI’s and HIV are CONDOMS!!!

Question 2

HIV

Answer 2

-HIV testing offered early in pregnancy
-Counseling extremely important
-Decision on vag or c-section delivery depends on viral load
-No breastfeeding!
-Nurses must keep confidentiality!
P-roper treatment leads to LESS baby transmission!

Question 3

Hepatitis

Answer 3

-Virus
-Most threatening to the fetus
-Liver disease (silent)
-Please vaccinate
-Risk factor (for C) is IV drugs for pregnant women
-Hep A: Fecal-oral
-Hep B: Blood & body fluids
-Hep C: Blood, body fluids, needles
-Hep D: Coinfect with A
-Hep E: Fecal-oral

Question 4

Herpes Simplex (Genital Herpes Virus)

Answer 4

-Virus
-Genital herpes
-Primary infection -> recurrent episodes
-Painful lesions, fever, chills, malaise, dysuria
-Mom infection = mom & baby problems
-Possible first trimester miscarriage
-CRITICAL PREVENTION!
-AVOID CONTACT with ACTIVE LESIONS -> no sex, no vag birth
-Condoms won’t work
-Treatment: Acyclovir (end of preg)

Question 5

Human papillomavirus

Answer 5

-Virus
-Most common in PREGNANT WOMEN
-Symptoms: Irritating vaginal discharge, genital warts, cervical cancer, itching, dysraphia, postcoital bleeding
-Screening: Pap smear, physical inspection, history of known exposure
-Management: No cure; Prevent with vaccination!

Question 6

Gonorrhea & Chlamydia

Answer 6

-Bacterial
-MOST FREQUENTLY REPORTED STI (especially Clap)
-Often silent & highly destructive
-Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease: ectopic preg, infertility, chronic pelvic pain
-Clap: newborn conjunctivitis
-Gon: preterm birth, neo or mom sepsis, intra U growth retardation, PROM

Manage:
-Antibiotics
-Avoid sex until treatment is done

Question 7

Barrier methods (1)

Answer 7

-Condoms
-Cervical cap
-Diaphragm
-Contraceptive sponge

Question 8

Hormonal methods (1) – side effects, interaction and contraindications

Answer 8

-There is: COC Combined Estrogen-Progestin Contraceptives, Progestin Only, & Emergency Contraception
-Side Effects, Interactions & Contra are: CVA, CAD, breast cancer, liver disease, lactation
-Effectiveness altered by: OTC drugs, herbal supplements, anticonvulsants, anti-TB, anti-HIV drugs

Question 9

IUDs (1) – indications, risk factors

Answer 9

-Long term
-Hormonal - 5 years (Levonorgestrel)
-Non hormonal - 10 years (Copper IUD)
-No STI or HIV protection
-Invasive! -> Consent needed
-Risk for infection