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Year Two - Ears, Nose & Throat > Mastoiditis > Flashcards

Mastoiditis Flashcards

1
Q

What is mastoiditis?

A

It is defined as a condition in which there is inflammation of the mastoid air cells within the petrous temporal bone

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of mastoiditis?

A

Bacterial Infection

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3
Q

What bacterial organism is most commonly associated with mastoiditis?

A

Streptococcus Pneumonia

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4
Q

What are the five risk factors associated with mastoiditis?

A

Children < 2 Years Old

Acute Otitis Media

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Learning Difficulties

Immunocompromised

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5
Q

What are the nine clinical features of mastoiditis?

A

Fever > 38C

Headache

Severe Ear Pain

Post-Auricular Tenderness

Ear Discharge

Mastoid Process Erythema

External Ear Protrusion

Opaque Inflamed Tympanic Membrane

Conductive Hearing Loss

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6
Q

In most cases, how is mastoiditis diagnosed?

A

Clinically

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7
Q

What are the three investigations used to diagnose mastoiditis?

A

Hearing Tests

Blood Tests

CT Scans of Temporal Bone

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8
Q

What two hearing test results indicate mastoiditis?

A

Negative Rinne’s Test, BC > AC

Weber’s Test Lateralises To Affected Ear

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9
Q

What three blood test results indicate mastoiditis?

A

Increased WBC Levels

Increased CRP Levels

Positive Blood Culture

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10
Q

What is the gold standard investigation used to diagnose mastoiditis?

A

CT scan of Temporal Bone

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11
Q

When are CT scans of the temporal bone used to investigate mastoiditis?

A

It is conducted in cases where there is clinical suspicion of complication development

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12
Q

What are the five CT scan features of mastoiditis?

A

Mastoid Air Cell Opacification

Inflammatory Mucosal Swelling

Atrophy of Mastoid Air Cell Wall

Distorted Mastoid Outline

Mastoid Abscess Formation

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13
Q

What are the four immediate management options of mastoiditis?

A

Same-Day Hospital Admission

ABCDE Approach

Sepsis 6 Initiation

Nil By Mouth

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14
Q

Why do we advise mastoiditis patients to become nil by mouth?

A

This is in case emergency surgical intervention is required

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15
Q

What is the pharmacological management option of mastoiditis?

A

IV Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic

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16
Q

When are IV broad spectrum antibiotics used to manage mastoiditis?

A

They are administered in all cases of mastoiditis

17
Q

What is the first line IV antibiotic regimen used to manage mastoiditis?

A

Piperacillin and Tazobactam

18
Q

What is the second line IV antibiotic regimen used to manage mastoiditis - in cases where individuals are penicillin allergic?

A

Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin

19
Q

When is surgical management used to manage mastoiditis?

A

In cases of complicated disease or in cases where pharmacological management fails

20
Q

What are the three surgical management options used to manage mastoiditis?

A

Tympanocentesis

Myringotomy

Cortical Mastoidectomy

21
Q

What is tympanocentesis?

A

It involves puncture of the tympanic membrane with a small gauge needle in order to aspirate fluid from the middle ear cleft

22
Q

What is myringotomy?

A

It involves an incision into the tympanic membrane in order to allow drainage of fluid build-up within the middle ear

23
Q

What is cortical mastoidectomy?

A

It involves surgical removal of diseased mastoid air cells

24
Q

What are the six complications associated with mastoiditis?

A

Hearing Loss

Brain Abscess

Hydrocephalus

Meningitis

Labyrinthitis

Facial Nerve Palsy

Year Two - Ears, Nose & Throat (12 decks)

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