MASTICATION

Question 1

Name the branches of the external carotids:

Answer 1

1. superior thyroid
2. ascending cervical
3. Lingual
4. Facial
5. Occipital
6. Posterior auricular
7. Maxillary
8. Superficial temporal

Question 2

What is the origin of the middle meningeal artery?

Answer 2

maxillary artery (external carotid)

Question 3

Which branch of the EC can be damaged around the mandible?

Answer 3

Facial artery

Question 4

What nerve supplies the majority of the pharyngeal muscles?

Answer 4

Vagus muscle

EXCEPT: stylopharyngeal is innervated by the glossopharyngeus

Question 5

What are the pharyngeal muscles composed by

Answer 5

The pharyngeal muscles consist of three constrictors (superior, middle and inferior) and three longitudinal muscles:

1. Stylophargeus
2. palatopharyngeus
3. Salpingophargeus (DON’t need to know)

Question 6

In addition to the tubal tonsils,* there are three more. What are they?:

Answer 6

1. the lingual
2. the palatine tonsil
3. the pharyngeal tonsil

Question 7

What is the function of the palatopharyngeal and the palatoglossus

Answer 7

the both depress the soft pallet

Question 8

What is the innervation of the pharynx?

Answer 8

• VAGUS AND GLOSSOPHARGEUS

EXPEPTION some of the nasopharynx is innervated by the maxillary nerve V2

Question 9

Describe the sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 9

TASTE: is the facial nerve (chorda tympany joins the lingual nerve)

SENSATION: Lingual nerve (Trigeminal V3)

Question 10

Describe the sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue:

Answer 10

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

Question 11

What nerve supplies the epiglottic vallecula?:

Answer 11

VAGUS

Question 12

What nerves supply the motor component of the tongue?

Answer 12

Hypoglossal - cranial nerve 12

ALL BUT the Palatoglossus - Vagus

Question 13

Name the four tongue muscles and describe their action:

Answer 13

KEEP IN MIND the tongue has extrinsic and intrisic muscles

1. Palatoglossus
2. Styloglossus
3. Hyoglossus
4. Genioglossus

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Question 14

Name the four tongue muscles and describe their action:

Answer 14

KEEP IN MIND the tongue has extrinsic and intrisic muscles

1. Palatoglossus- does not do much with the tingue seals off the cavity
2. Styloglossus - elevates and retracts
3. Hyoglossus - depresses tongue
4. Genioglossus - protrude the tongue (attaches to the mandible)

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Question 15

What are the two actions of the temporo-mandibular joint?

Answer 15

hinge and glide movements

Question 16

What anatomical structures form the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 16

1. head of the mandible

into the mandibular fossa created by teh articular tubercle

Question 17

Name the attachments and function of the temporalis muscle:

Answer 17

Attaches to the temporal fossa and the coronoid process of the mandible

FUNCTION: elevation and retraction

Question 18

Name the attachments and function of the masseter muscle:

Answer 18

Attacments: Zygomatic arch and the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible

FUNCTION: elevation

Question 19

Name the functions of the medial pterygoids:

Answer 19

Attachments: lateral pteroid plate and sphenoid - neck of the mandible

Function: protraction and depression

Question 20

Name the functions of the lateral pterygoids:

Answer 20

Attachement: lateral pterygoid plate and maxilla and angle of the mandible

Function: elevation and protraction and lateral movement

Question 21

Name the branches of V3:

Answer 21

1. Long buccal (anterior division)
2. lingual (posterior)
3. inferior alveolar (posterior)

Question 22

Describe the sensory innervation of the face by the 3 divisions of the trigeminal:

Answer 22

V1 (frontal nerve): forehead, upper eyelid
V2. skin of middle of the face (including teeth, gums and upper lips)
V3. (buccal nerve) middle part of the temple cheeks and the floor of the mouth

Question 23

Name four muscles innervated by the anterior branch of V3:

Answer 23

Masseter
temporalis
pterygoids
suprahyoid (via mylohyoid nerve from the inferior alveolar nerve)

Question 24

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve which supply the muscles of facial expression?:

Answer 24

Temporal 
Zygomatic
Buccal 
Mandibular
Cervical

Question 25

What is Bell’s palsy and how does it present?:

Answer 25

ipsylateral facial drooping

Question 26

Name the 3 salivary glands, their innervation and type of secretion:

Answer 26

Sublingual - facial nerve Submandibular -facial nerve Parotid - glossopharyngeal

Question 27

Through which foramen does the chorda tympani exit the skull?:

Answer 27

pterotympanic fissure

Question 28

The chorda tympani enters what fossa to join the lingual nerve?

Answer 28

infra temporal fossa

Question 29

What is the name of the ganglion, which the VII taste fibres of the lingual nerve bypass on their way to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?:

Answer 29

``` once they reach the lingual nerve they travel to the submandibular ganglion and provide innervation to the - submandibular gland - sublingual gland - anterior 1/3 of the tongue ```

Question 30

After the VII parasympathetic fibres of the lingual nerve synapse at the aforementioned ganglion, what two structures do they go on to innervate?

Answer 30

salivary glands | tongue (anterior 2/3 of the tongue)

Question 31

What are all the functions of the facial nerve

Answer 31

1. stapedius 2. sensation in the anterior 1/3 of the tongue 3. salivary gland (submandibular and the sublingual) 4. posterior belly of the digastric 5. stylohoid 6. facial expression muscles